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Clinical Pharmacology > ADR's > Flashcards

ADR's Flashcards

1
Q

Urticaria (Hives)

A

Type I

Immune mediated: B lactams

Non-immune: Contrast dye, morphine

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2
Q

Angioedema

A

Type I

ACE-I

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3
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Type I

B-lactams > FQ’s

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4
Q

Serum Sickness

A

Type III

cefaclor & sulfonamides

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5
Q

Hypersensitivity

Vasculitis

A

Type III

B-lactams
sulfonamides

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6
Q

Drug-induced exanthems

A

Type IV
Most common cutaneous drug rxn (maculopapular rash)

B-lactams, sulfonamides

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7
Q

Erythroderma, exfoliative dermatitis

A

Type IV

B-lactams
sulfonamides

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8
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome

TEN

A

Type IV

MM involvement (oral, conjunctiva, genital)

phenytoin
carbamazepine 
lamotrigine 
sulfonamides 
allopurinol
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9
Q

DRESS

A

Type IV

Eosinophilia

anti-seizure meds (CBZ > VPA, phenytoin, lamotrigine)
sulfonamides
allopurinol

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10
Q

Fixed Drug Eruption

A

Type IV

TMP/SMX
NSAIDS

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11
Q

Drug-induced photosensitivity

A

Rx: Exaggerated sunburn on skin

FQ’s
Tetracyclines (doxy)
Amiodarone
Topical retinoids

Tx: sun protection, stop drug, cool compress

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12
Q

Drug-induced alopecia

A

Anagen effluvium:
bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil

Telogen effluvium:
interferons, Li+, isotretinoin, valproate, warfarin

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13
Q

Drug-induced melanonychia

A

AZT, minocycline, chemo

beau’s lines: chemo

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14
Q

Drug-induced hyperpigmentation

A

minocycline

amiodarone

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15
Q

Esophagitis

A

Bisphosphonates
Tetracyclines
NSAIDS

Tx: drink full glass of water, don’t lie down after med

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16
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Isotretinoin - INC trigs
NRTI’s (ddl, D4T) - intrinsic toxicity

PEARL: all statins and most ACEI

17
Q

Liver Injury

A

MC cause of acute liver failure

APAP (#1)
INH (#2)
PTU (#3)
clavulanate

Pearl: MC reason for drug withdrawal from market

18
Q

Diarrhea

A 
antacids 
ABX
PPIs
NSAIDS
caffeine 
chemo
19
Q

HTN

A

INC SBP by 10-20mmHg

stimulants (methylphenidate, cocaine)
transplant meds
corticosteroids 
EPO
NSAIDS
sympathomimetics

Tx: d/c drug, lower dose, or add CCB or ACEI/ARB

20
Q

Lipid alterations

A 
Hormones (estrogen, androgens, testosterone)
Glucocorticoids
Transplant meds 
Thiazide diuretics 
Protease inhibitors 
Valproate
21
Q

QT prolongation

A 
5 A's:
anti-arrhythmics
antimicrobials (macrolides, FQ) 
anti-psychotics (haloperidol )
antidepressants (TCAs)
antiemetics (promethazine)

Tx: ECG and monitor closely if QT > 500

22
Q

Raynaud’s

A 
Triptans/ergots 
oral decongestants 
caffeine 
nicotine 
phentermine
23
Q

Edema

A

DHP CCB’s (amlodipine)
Thiazolidinedione’s (pioglitazone)
Gabapentin, pregabalin

Tx: lifestyle (reduce Na, elevate legs, exercise, compression stockings)

24
Q

Bronchospasm

A

B blockers
Cocaine
IV contrast
ASA*/NSAIDs/MDI propellants

Tx: withdrawal, O2, +/- steroids

25
Q

Acute/Subacute Pneumonitis

A

Days/months post exposure, constitutional symptoms, dyspnea, non-productive cough

Amiodarone

Tx: withdrawal, O2, +/- steroids

26
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Months to years after exposure, insidious DOE, nonproductive cough

Methotrexate
Bleomycin
Nitrofurantoin

Tx: withdrawal, O2, +/- steroids

27
Q

Lupus

A

F/c, malaise, pleuritis/effusion, pneumonitis, myalgias

Procainamide
Hydralazine
Isoniazid

Tx: withdrawal, O2

28
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Methotrexate
Nitrofurantoin
Phenytoin

Tx: none

29
Q

Discoloration of Urine:

  1. Yellow-brown
  2. Yellow-orange
  3. Red-orange/pink
  4. Red-brown:
  5. Brown-black
  6. Blue +/- green
A
  1. Nitrofurantoin, SMX
  2. Phenazopyridine, entacapone
  3. Rifampin*
  4. Warfarin/Heparin (hematuria)*
  5. Metronidazole, nitrofurantoin
  6. Amitriptyline, Propofol, triamterene
30
Q

Nephrotoxicity

  1. Altered intraglomerular hemodynamics*
  2. Tubular cell toxicity*
  3. Inflammation*
  4. Crystal nephropathy
  5. Rhabdomyolysis
  6. Thrombotic microangiopathy
A
  1. NSAIDs, ACEIs/ARBs
  2. Abx (aminoglycosides)
  3. Beta lactams (PCN/ampicillin), FQs, NSAIDs, AEDs
  4. Acyclovir, triamterene, methotrexate
  5. Statins
  6. Clopidogrel
31
Q

Male Infertility

  1. Impaired spermatogenesis/function
  2. Decreased testosterone
  3. Inhibition of GnRH or gonadotropin secretion
  4. Decreased libido
A
  1. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, alpha blockers, alkylating meds, anti-androgens, AE, azathioprine
  2. Opioids, oral corticosteroids, spirinolactone
  3. Anti-androgens, antipsychotics, cannabinoids, GnRH analogues, opioids, testosterone, androgenic steroids
  4. SSRI, SNRI, TCA, MAOI, antipsychotics, lithium, alpha blockers, thiazides, allopurinol

Clinical Pharmacology (54 decks)

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