Abx "Allergy" Flashcards

1
Q

B-lactam Type I

A

IgE

MC - urticarial

Other: pruritis, angioedema, laryngeal edema, wheezing, SOB, presyncope/syncope, hypotension, CV collapse (anaphylaxis)

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2
Q

B-lactam Type II

A

IgG & C’

Bone marrow suppression

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3
Q

B-lactam Type III

A

AB (IgG & IgM) -Ag complexes

Serum-like sickness

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4
Q

B-lactam Type IV

A

T cell - delayed hypersensitivity

MP rash –> SJS/TEN

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5
Q

What is the highest risk for PCN cross-reactivity?

A

AminoPCNs & Cephalosporins

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6
Q

Sulfa hypersensitivity reaction

A

Usually characterized by fever +/- MP rash that develops w/in 7-14d

IgE (urticaria, anaphylaxis) and other serious rxn (SJS/TEN/DRESS) are uncommon

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7
Q

What PCN and cephalosporin are we particularly concerned about regarding drug interaction?

A

Amoxicillin and Cephalexin

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8
Q

If a patient reports an allergy to penicillin and say they got a rash, what can they have? What can they not have?

A

Use: Ceph, carbapenems, aztreonam if maculopapular
Avoid: PCN

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9
Q

If a patient reports an anaphylactic reaction, what can you use? What must you avoid?

A

Use: aztreonam or non-B-lactam abx
Avoid: PCN, ceph, carbapenems

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10
Q

How is a hypersensitivity reaction to sulfa drugs typically characterized?

A

Fever and/or MP rash that develops within 7-14d

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11
Q

You diagnose a patient with HIV. He reports that he had a severe anaphylactic reaction to TMP-SMX in the past. What drug should you avoid in this patient specifically?

A

Darunavir

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12
Q

What are the 3 groups of sulfonamides?

A
  1. Sulfonylarylamines (SMX, HIV PIs like Darunavir)
  2. Nonsulfonylarylamines (loops/thiazides, tamsulosin, -triptans)
  3. Sulfonamide-moiety containing drugs (AEDs, HCV PIs like semiprevir)
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13
Q

T/F: Sulfur, sulfites, and sulfates don’t cross-react with sulfonamides

A

True

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14
Q

What cephalosporin is known for causing serum sickness?

A

Cefaclor

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