adolescence Flashcards
brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes that take place during this period of development
puberty
a girl’s first menstruation, comes rather late in the pubertal cycle.
menarche
powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream
hormones
hormones present in the hormonal makeup
testosterone for boys, estradiol for girls
one psychological aspect of physical change in puberty is universal, what is this?
adolescents are preoccupied with their bodies and develop images of what their bodies are like
the prefrontal cortex in adolescence
“judgment” region reins in intense emotions but
doesn’t finish developing
the corpus callosum are nerve fibers that connect the
brain’s two hemispheres, what is their other job?
they thicken in adolescence to process information more effectively
the limbic system is a lower, subcortical system in the
brain that is almost completely developed in adolescence, what is its function
it is a seat of emotions and where rewards are experienced
two linked consequences in the increase of dopamine
increased risk-taking and use of drugs
the role of dopamine in adolescence
reward seeking
on adolescence and brain regions
more connection across brain areas even in more distant regions
on prefrontal cortex and emotions
although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions their prefrontal cortex hasn’t adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions.
an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
anorexia nervosa
it is the lack of menstruation
amenorrhea
behaviors linked to anorexia nervosa
obsessive thinking about weight and compulsive exercise
an eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern
bulimia nervosa
methods of purging of a bulimic individual
self-induced vomiting, using laxatives
similarities between anorexics and bulimics
preoccupied with food
have a strong fear of becoming overweight
are depressed or anxious
have a distorted body image
highly perfectionistic
the piagetian stage that occurs in adolescence
formal operational stage
events in the formal operational stage
conjure up make-believe situations, abstract propositions, and events that are purely hypothetical, and can try to reason logically about them.
if the concrete operational thinker needs concrete examples to reason logically, the formal operational thinker solves problems by just using __
verbal presentation
involves creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications, steps that provide ways to test the hypothesis
hypothetical-deductive reasoning
heightened self-consciousness of adolescents
adolescent egocentrism
reflected in adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting
behavior
imaginary audience
the part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability)
personal fable
by adolescence, considerable variation in cognitive functioning is present across individuals, why is that?
adolescents are producers of their own development to a greater extent than are children
further coverage of executive function in adolescence consists of ___,___, and ___
cognitive control, decision-making, and critical thinking
cognitive control involves effective control in a number of areas including
controlling attention, reducing interfering thoughts, and being cognitively flexible
involves being aware that options and alternatives are available and adapting to the situation
cognitive flexibility
states that decision-making is influenced by two cognitive
systems—“verbatim” analytical (literal and precise) and gist-based intuitional (simple bottomline meaning)—which operate in parallel.
fuzzy-trace dual theory dual process model
moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle or junior high school
top-dog phenomenon
refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others
narcissism
a self-portrait that is composed of many pieces
and domain
identity
erikson’s fifth development stage
indentity vs. role confusion
erikson’s term for the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy.
psychological moratorium
adolescents who do not successfully resolve this identity
crisis suffer what Erikson calls identity confusion. The confusion takes one of two courses…
individuals either withdraw, isolating themselves from peers and family, or they immerse themselves in the world of peers and lose their identity
defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives
crisis
refers to the personal investment in identity.
commitment
status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or
made any commitments
identity diffusion
status of individuals who have made a commitment but not
experienced a crisis
identity foreclosure
status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but
whose commitments are either absent or are only vaguely defined
identity moratorium
status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made
a commitment
identity achievement
