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developmental psych > adolescence > Flashcards

adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes that take place during this period of development

A

puberty

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2
Q

a girl’s first menstruation, comes rather late in the pubertal cycle.

A

menarche

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3
Q

powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream

A

hormones

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4
Q

hormones present in the hormonal makeup

A

testosterone for boys, estradiol for girls

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5
Q

one psychological aspect of physical change in puberty is universal, what is this?

A

adolescents are preoccupied with their bodies and develop images of what their bodies are like

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6
Q

the prefrontal cortex in adolescence

A

“judgment” region reins in intense emotions but
doesn’t finish developing

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7
Q

the corpus callosum are nerve fibers that connect the
brain’s two hemispheres, what is their other job?

A

they thicken in adolescence to process information more effectively

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8
Q

the limbic system is a lower, subcortical system in the
brain that is almost completely developed in adolescence, what is its function

A

it is a seat of emotions and where rewards are experienced

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9
Q

two linked consequences in the increase of dopamine

A

increased risk-taking and use of drugs

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10
Q

the role of dopamine in adolescence

A

reward seeking

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11
Q

on adolescence and brain regions

A

more connection across brain areas even in more distant regions

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12
Q

on prefrontal cortex and emotions

A

although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions their prefrontal cortex hasn’t adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions.

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13
Q

an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

A

anorexia nervosa

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14
Q

it is the lack of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

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15
Q

behaviors linked to anorexia nervosa

A

obsessive thinking about weight and compulsive exercise

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16
Q

an eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern

A

bulimia nervosa

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17
Q

methods of purging of a bulimic individual

A

self-induced vomiting, using laxatives

18
Q

similarities between anorexics and bulimics

A

preoccupied with food
have a strong fear of becoming overweight
are depressed or anxious
have a distorted body image
highly perfectionistic

19
Q

the piagetian stage that occurs in adolescence

A

formal operational stage

20
Q

events in the formal operational stage

A

conjure up make-believe situations, abstract propositions, and events that are purely hypothetical, and can try to reason logically about them.

21
Q

if the concrete operational thinker needs concrete examples to reason logically, the formal operational thinker solves problems by just using __

A

verbal presentation

22
Q

involves creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications, steps that provide ways to test the hypothesis

A

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

23
Q

heightened self-consciousness of adolescents

A

adolescent egocentrism

24
Q

reflected in adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting
behavior

A

imaginary audience

25
Q

the part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability)

A

personal fable

26
Q

by adolescence, considerable variation in cognitive functioning is present across individuals, why is that?

A

adolescents are producers of their own development to a greater extent than are children

27
Q

further coverage of executive function in adolescence consists of ___,___, and ___

A

cognitive control, decision-making, and critical thinking

28
Q

cognitive control involves effective control in a number of areas including

A

controlling attention, reducing interfering thoughts, and being cognitively flexible

29
Q

involves being aware that options and alternatives are available and adapting to the situation

A

cognitive flexibility

30
Q

states that decision-making is influenced by two cognitive
systems—“verbatim” analytical (literal and precise) and gist-based intuitional (simple bottomline meaning)—which operate in parallel.

A

fuzzy-trace dual theory dual process model

31
Q

moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle or junior high school

A

top-dog phenomenon

32
Q

refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others

A

narcissism

33
Q

a self-portrait that is composed of many pieces
and domain

A

identity

34
Q

erikson’s fifth development stage

A

indentity vs. role confusion

35
Q

erikson’s term for the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy.

A

psychological moratorium

36
Q

adolescents who do not successfully resolve this identity
crisis suffer what Erikson calls identity confusion. The confusion takes one of two courses…

A

individuals either withdraw, isolating themselves from peers and family, or they immerse themselves in the world of peers and lose their identity

37
Q

defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives

A

crisis

38
Q

refers to the personal investment in identity.

A

commitment

39
Q

status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or
made any commitments

A

identity diffusion

40
Q

status of individuals who have made a commitment but not
experienced a crisis

A

identity foreclosure

41
Q

status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but
whose commitments are either absent or are only vaguely defined

A

identity moratorium

42
Q

status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made
a commitment

A

identity achievement

developmental psych (11 decks)

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