Adipose tissue and Fatty acid synthesis

Question 1

what is the formula for saturated fatty acids?

Answer 1

CH3CH2COOH - it contains a hydrocarbon chain and terminal carboxylic acid group

Question 2

What are the forms of unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 2

cis bonds ( hydrogen on same side)
trans bonds (hydrogen on both side)

Question 3

what are fatty acids?

Answer 3

fuel molecules that are stored mostly as triacylglycerols in adipose cells

Question 4

What fat molecules are used for PM?

Answer 4

Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid

Question 5

what are the covalent modifications of fatty acids?

Answer 5

myristate palmitate of proteins which produced fatty acide hormones such as prostaglandins and intracellular second messengers like DAG and insp3

Question 6

What are Eicosanoids?

Answer 6

20 Carbon family of Fatty acids - stimulate inflammation and modulate synaptic transmission and to stimulate sleep

Question 7

Phospholipids are in 2 groups?

Answer 7

Prostacyclin thromboxane and leukotriens

Question 8

What are the 3 phases of aspirin?

Answer 8

hyperventilation of respiratory alkalosis
paradoxic aciduria
dehydration and metabolic acidosis

Question 9

why are high levels of salicylate toxic?

Answer 9

drug uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

Question 10

how is fat stored?

Answer 10

as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue

Question 11

why is fatty acid synthesis regulated?

Answer 11

so that catabolism in mitochondria and anabolism in cytoplasm dont occur simultaneously

Question 12

Where is fatty acid take place?

Answer 12

breakdown and synthesis in difference cellular compartments

Question 13

what is the unit of anabolism and catabolism?

Answer 13

A: malonyl coA
C: Acetyl co A

Question 14

What is not permeable to acetyl coA?

Answer 14

inner mitochondrial membrnw

Question 15

What produces citrate?

Answer 15

condensation with oxoloacetate

Question 16

what is acetyl coA catalysed by?

Answer 16

acetyl coA carboxylase which is irreversible and rate limiting , regulatory allosteric enzyme

Question 17

what is the elongation step?

Answer 17

require ACP an acyl carrier protein which carried intermediate from one active site of fatty acid synthase to another

Question 18

what is the end point of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 18

16-carbon palmitoyl acp which is a condensing enzyme

Question 19

What is produced in fatty acid synthase?

Answer 19

8 acetyl coA and 7 ATP and 14 NADPH

Question 20

how do you further extend the FA chain?

Answer 20

add double bonds enzymes on SER

Question 21

What inhibits fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 21

glucagon inhibits and prevents fatty acid synthesis , it increases ACC phosphorylation

Question 22

What promotes fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 22

insulin and decreases ACC phosphorylation

Question 23

What does blood glucose level regulate?

Answer 23

enzyme activity

Question 24

what is hormone sensitive lipase?

Answer 24

intracellular pancreatic lipase

Question 25

what does high blood glucose do?

Answer 25

stimulate insulin release, inhibits lipid breakdown promotes fat storage