Adipose tissue and Fatty acid synthesis Flashcards
what is the formula for saturated fatty acids?
CH3CH2COOH - it contains a hydrocarbon chain and terminal carboxylic acid group
What are the forms of unsaturated fatty acids?
cis bonds ( hydrogen on same side) trans bonds (hydrogen on both side)
what are fatty acids?
fuel molecules that are stored mostly as triacylglycerols in adipose cells
What fat molecules are used for PM?
Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid
what are the covalent modifications of fatty acids?
myristate palmitate of proteins which produced fatty acide hormones such as prostaglandins and intracellular second messengers like DAG and insp3
What are Eicosanoids?
20 Carbon family of Fatty acids - stimulate inflammation and modulate synaptic transmission and to stimulate sleep
Phospholipids are in 2 groups?
Prostacyclin thromboxane and leukotriens
What are the 3 phases of aspirin?
hyperventilation of respiratory alkalosis
paradoxic aciduria
dehydration and metabolic acidosis
why are high levels of salicylate toxic?
drug uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
how is fat stored?
as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue
why is fatty acid synthesis regulated?
so that catabolism in mitochondria and anabolism in cytoplasm dont occur simultaneously
Where is fatty acid take place?
breakdown and synthesis in difference cellular compartments
what is the unit of anabolism and catabolism?
A: malonyl coA
C: Acetyl co A
What is not permeable to acetyl coA?
inner mitochondrial membrnw
What produces citrate?
condensation with oxoloacetate
what is acetyl coA catalysed by?
acetyl coA carboxylase which is irreversible and rate limiting , regulatory allosteric enzyme
what is the elongation step?
require ACP an acyl carrier protein which carried intermediate from one active site of fatty acid synthase to another
what is the end point of fatty acid synthesis?
16-carbon palmitoyl acp which is a condensing enzyme
What is produced in fatty acid synthase?
8 acetyl coA and 7 ATP and 14 NADPH
how do you further extend the FA chain?
add double bonds enzymes on SER
What inhibits fatty acid synthesis?
glucagon inhibits and prevents fatty acid synthesis , it increases ACC phosphorylation
What promotes fatty acid synthesis?
insulin and decreases ACC phosphorylation
What does blood glucose level regulate?
enzyme activity
what is hormone sensitive lipase?
intracellular pancreatic lipase
what does high blood glucose do?
stimulate insulin release, inhibits lipid breakdown promotes fat storage
