ADHD/FASD/Autism Flashcards
What are mental health disorders in children and adolescents associated with?
- psychological
- physiological
- academic
- social functioning
What can sometimes prevent families from seeking help?
Stigma, a silent public health epidemic
What types of mental disoders can children and adolescents suffer from?
- mood disorders
- anxiety disorders
- schizophrenia
- substance abuse
Why are interventions sometimes delayed?
- difficult to diagnose due to limited language skills and fast development
- Sometimes was to see if they”grow out of it”
Out of five, how many Canadian children and adolescents will suffer from major mental illess?
1 in 5
What proportion of children and adolescents aren’t receiving the care they need to a mental illess?
2/3
What is the second leading cause of death in youth aged 10 to 19?
Suicide
What are barriers to assessment, treatment, prevention and early interventon for mental illness?
- Lack of clarity about conditions for for screening children
- Lack of coordination among multiple systems
- Lack of resources and long wait times for services
- Shortage of mental health care professionals
- Lack of a child and youth mental health framework
Do children and adolescents usually have comorbidities when they are diagnosed with a mental health disorder?
Yes. These children and adolescents often meet the criteria for more than one diagnostic category.
ADHD is a prominent co-morbid condition, and occurs in 90% if children with juvenile-onset bipolar, 90% with oppositional defiant disorder, and 50% with conduct disorder.
Depression also has high comorbidity rates.
What are risk factors for developing a mental illness in childhood or adolescents?
- Parent with depression or other illness
- Children who have been abused or neglected
- Exposure to intimate partner violence
- Witnessing violence
- Gang involvement - vulnerable to this if past trauma, learning disability, poverty or family disorganization
True or false: all instances of suspected abuse of a minor must be reported to the local child protective services.
True
What is consent?
A person’s capacity to understand information and voluntarily to act on this information.
What is assent?
Expressed agreement to participate in health care or research
What is dissent?
Expressed refusal to participate in health care or research
What is the etiology of mental illness in children and adolescents?
- genetic
- psychosocial
- enviornmental
Which disorders are linked to genetic factors?
- autism
- bipolar disorder
- schizophrenia
- ADHD
- intellectual development disorder
What is involved in a holistic assessment of a child or adolescent?
- history of presenting illness
- developmental history
- development assessment
- neurological assessment
- medical history
- family history
- mental status assessment
- awareness and assessment of cultural factors
What are neurodevelopmental disorders?
Disorders characterized by developmental deficits in the young (i.e., preschool-aged) child that produce impairments in social skills, intelligence, academic and occupational functioning, and communication skills.
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Complex neurobiological and developmental disability evident during the child’s first 3 years of life.
What is the prevalence of autism?
1 in 88 children diagnosed, often not until school age
What do communication delays in autism involve?
- babbling
- echolalia
- nonmeaningful sentences
What kinds of difficulties do people with autism have?
- verbal and non verbal communication
- social interactions
- leirsure or play activities
What is an important element that impacts the tragectory of autism?
Early diagnosis, identification and intervention
What are the core presenting symptoms of autism?
- impairment in communication and imaginative play
- Impairment in social interactions
- Markedly restricted, stereotypical patterns of behaviour, interest, and activities (rigid adherence to routines, mannerisms such as flapping, spinning, head banging, hand biting)
What is ADHD?
A disorder that causes an inappropriate degree of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity, all of which interfere with functioning or development.
When is ADHD most often detected?
When the child has difficulty adjusting to elementary school.
What does ADHD lead to?
- low frustration tolerance
- temper outbursts
- labile moods
- poor school performance
- peer rejection
- low self-esteem
How many setting must symptoms be present in for a Dx of ADHD?
2
What are the presenting symptoms of ADHD?
- inattention
- hyperactivity
- impulsivity
What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?
A collective term rather than a diagnostic category
Alcohol use during pregnancy can have this consequence, which leads to lifelong issues affecting cognitive ability
What is the leading cause of developmental disability?
FASD
What is the safe drinking level while pregnant?
No safe drinking level has been established. Alcohol moves freely across the placenta.
What are the primary disabilities from FASD?
- impairment in attention, verbal learning, and executive functioning
- Also linked to increased risk for childhood leukemia
May also result in:
* cognitive impairement
* facial abnormality
* low birth weight
* hyperactivity
* poor self-concept
* depression
* aggression
What are secondary disabilities associated with FASD?
- mental health and addiction issues
- being in conflict with the law
- education, employment, and family relationship difficulties
