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NURS 363: Mental Health and Wellness in Nursing > ADHD/FASD/Autism > Flashcards

ADHD/FASD/Autism Flashcards

1
Q

What are mental health disorders in children and adolescents associated with?

A
  • psychological
  • physiological
  • academic
  • social functioning
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2
Q

What can sometimes prevent families from seeking help?

A

Stigma, a silent public health epidemic

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3
Q

What types of mental disoders can children and adolescents suffer from?

A
  • mood disorders
  • anxiety disorders
  • schizophrenia
  • substance abuse
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4
Q

Why are interventions sometimes delayed?

A
  • difficult to diagnose due to limited language skills and fast development
  • Sometimes was to see if they”grow out of it”
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5
Q

Out of five, how many Canadian children and adolescents will suffer from major mental illess?

A

1 in 5

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6
Q

What proportion of children and adolescents aren’t receiving the care they need to a mental illess?

A

2/3

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7
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in youth aged 10 to 19?

A

Suicide

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8
Q

What are barriers to assessment, treatment, prevention and early interventon for mental illness?

A
  • Lack of clarity about conditions for for screening children
  • Lack of coordination among multiple systems
  • Lack of resources and long wait times for services
  • Shortage of mental health care professionals
  • Lack of a child and youth mental health framework
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9
Q

Do children and adolescents usually have comorbidities when they are diagnosed with a mental health disorder?

A

Yes. These children and adolescents often meet the criteria for more than one diagnostic category.

ADHD is a prominent co-morbid condition, and occurs in 90% if children with juvenile-onset bipolar, 90% with oppositional defiant disorder, and 50% with conduct disorder.

Depression also has high comorbidity rates.

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10
Q

What are risk factors for developing a mental illness in childhood or adolescents?

A
  • Parent with depression or other illness
  • Children who have been abused or neglected
  • Exposure to intimate partner violence
  • Witnessing violence
  • Gang involvement - vulnerable to this if past trauma, learning disability, poverty or family disorganization
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11
Q

True or false: all instances of suspected abuse of a minor must be reported to the local child protective services.

A

True

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12
Q

What is consent?

A

A person’s capacity to understand information and voluntarily to act on this information.

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13
Q

What is assent?

A

Expressed agreement to participate in health care or research

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14
Q

What is dissent?

A

Expressed refusal to participate in health care or research

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15
Q

What is the etiology of mental illness in children and adolescents?

A
  • genetic
  • psychosocial
  • enviornmental
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16
Q

Which disorders are linked to genetic factors?

A
  • autism
  • bipolar disorder
  • schizophrenia
  • ADHD
  • intellectual development disorder
17
Q

What is involved in a holistic assessment of a child or adolescent?

A
  • history of presenting illness
  • developmental history
  • development assessment
  • neurological assessment
  • medical history
  • family history
  • mental status assessment
  • awareness and assessment of cultural factors
18
Q

What are neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

Disorders characterized by developmental deficits in the young (i.e., preschool-aged) child that produce impairments in social skills, intelligence, academic and occupational functioning, and communication skills.

19
Q

What is autism spectrum disorder?

A

Complex neurobiological and developmental disability evident during the child’s first 3 years of life.

20
Q

What is the prevalence of autism?

A

1 in 88 children diagnosed, often not until school age

21
Q

What do communication delays in autism involve?

A
  • babbling
  • echolalia
  • nonmeaningful sentences
22
Q

What kinds of difficulties do people with autism have?

A
  • verbal and non verbal communication
  • social interactions
  • leirsure or play activities
23
Q

What is an important element that impacts the tragectory of autism?

A

Early diagnosis, identification and intervention

24
Q

What are the core presenting symptoms of autism?

A
  • impairment in communication and imaginative play
  • Impairment in social interactions
  • Markedly restricted, stereotypical patterns of behaviour, interest, and activities (rigid adherence to routines, mannerisms such as flapping, spinning, head banging, hand biting)
25
Q

What is ADHD?

A

A disorder that causes an inappropriate degree of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity, all of which interfere with functioning or development.

26
Q

When is ADHD most often detected?

A

When the child has difficulty adjusting to elementary school.

27
Q

What does ADHD lead to?

A
  • low frustration tolerance
  • temper outbursts
  • labile moods
  • poor school performance
  • peer rejection
  • low self-esteem
28
Q

How many setting must symptoms be present in for a Dx of ADHD?

A

2

29
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of ADHD?

A
  • inattention
  • hyperactivity
  • impulsivity
30
Q

What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?

A

A collective term rather than a diagnostic category

Alcohol use during pregnancy can have this consequence, which leads to lifelong issues affecting cognitive ability

31
Q

What is the leading cause of developmental disability?

A

FASD

32
Q

What is the safe drinking level while pregnant?

A

No safe drinking level has been established. Alcohol moves freely across the placenta.

33
Q

What are the primary disabilities from FASD?

A
  • impairment in attention, verbal learning, and executive functioning
  • Also linked to increased risk for childhood leukemia

May also result in:
* cognitive impairement
* facial abnormality
* low birth weight
* hyperactivity
* poor self-concept
* depression
* aggression

34
Q

What are secondary disabilities associated with FASD?

A
  • mental health and addiction issues
  • being in conflict with the law
  • education, employment, and family relationship difficulties

NURS 363: Mental Health and Wellness in Nursing (22 decks)

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