ADHD Flashcards
What class is dexamfetamine?
stimulant
What is the mechanism of dexamfetamine?>
Increases synaptic levels of dopamine and noradrenaline
What are the contraindications of dexamfetamine?
Significant CV disorders
Cerebrovascular disorders
Use of MAOis
History of drug abuse
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma
Porphyria
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Pregnancy and lactation
Psychosis or bipolar I
Anorexia
Significant suicidal ideation
What class is methylphenidate?
Stimulant
How does methylphenidate work?
Increases synaptic levels of dopamine and noradrenaline
Inhibits dopamine transporter and the noradrenaline transporter, preventing the reuptake of them into the presynaptic neurone
Binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors linked to cognitive effects and increased peripheral resistance
Agonist activity at the 5HT1A receptor
What are CIs of methylphenidate
Significant CV disorders
Cerebrovascular disorders
Glaucoma
Phaechromocytoma
Use of MAOis
Psychosis or bipolar I
Anorexia
Significant suicidal ideation
Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis
What class is atomoxetine>
non-stimulant
How does atomoxetine work
Binds to the noradrenaline reuptake transporter on the presynaptic membrane of the neurone inhibiting its reuptake
Modulates cortical synaptic dopamine uptake via the non-specific action of the abundant noradrenaline transporter in the pre-frontal cortex, selectively increasing dopamine levels in the PFC but not in motor or reward-related areas of the striatum
What are CIs for atomoxetine
Use of MAOis
Glaucoma
Pheochromocytoma
Significant CV disorders
Cerebrovascular disorders
What class is guanfacine
Non-stimulant
How does guanfacine work
Selective agonist of α2A-adrenergic receptors. Binds to postsynaptic α2A-adrenergic receptors, mimicking NA
What are CIs of guanfacine?
No specific CIs
What class is clonidine
Non-stimulant
How does clonidine work
Agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, mimic NA
What are contraindications of clonidine
Severe bradyarrhythmia resulting from either sick-sinus syndrome or AV block (2/3)
How do amfetamines work
Result in increased synaptic levels of monoamines (dopamine and noradrenaline) by:
1. Blocks reuptake of them back into the presynaptic neurone
2. Promotes release of monoamines from the presynaptic neurone into the synapse
What brands of methylphenidate have 22% immediate release and 78% long acting
Affenid XL
Concerta XL
Delmosart XL
Matoride XL
Xaggitin XL
Xenidate XL
What brand of methylphenidate has 30% immediate release and is 70% long acting
Equasym XL
What brands of methylphenidate has 50% immediate release and 50% long acting
Medikinet XL
Metyrol
