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Immunology > adaptive immunity > Flashcards

adaptive immunity Flashcards

1
Q

how long does it take to activate the adaptive immunity?

A
  • few days
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2
Q

what are features of adaptive immunity?

A
  • long-lasting , immune memory and highly specific receptors
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3
Q

what are components of adaptive immunity?

A
  • B and T lymphocytes
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4
Q

Which lymphocytes are present in humoral immunity?

A

B lymphocytes (antibodies)

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5
Q

function of b lymphocytes

A
  • secrete antibodies that prevent infections and eliminate extracellular microbes
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6
Q

For what type of immunity are T lymphocytes for?

A
  • cell mediated immunity
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7
Q

name the two types of t lymphocytes

A
  • cytotoxic CTLs and Helper Th effectors
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8
Q

function of Helper TL

A

activate macrophages to kill phagocytksed microbes

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9
Q

function of CTLs

A

directly destroy infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection (with viruses)

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10
Q

name the phases of adaptive immunity

A
  • antigen recognition by naive B and T lymphocytes which are specific to certain antigens
  • proliferation and differentiation to effectors (5-7 days)
  • elimination of antigen (effector phase)
  • restoring homeostasis (apoptosis of T and B) and formation of memory lymphocytes
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11
Q

how is active immunity induced?

A

by the antigen either infection or vaccines

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12
Q

for how long does active immunity work

A

long-lasting and specific

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13
Q

how is active immunity conferred?

A

by a host response to a microbe or microbial antigen

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14
Q

how can be passive immunity reached?

A

by transfer of antibodies or immune cells from immunized individual

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15
Q

what are the criteria for passive immunity?

A
  • between genetically identical donor and recipient
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16
Q

passive Immunity is

A

specific but without memory

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17
Q

key components of the immune system are

A

cells which develop from precursors in the marrow and circulate in blood and live in lymphoid organs

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18
Q

what are major phagocytes ?

A

neutrophils and monocytes

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19
Q

Where mature B lymphocytes?

A
  • in bone marrow
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20
Q

What is secreted by B lymphocytes and what is its function?

A
  • antibodies (proteins)

- bind to and eliminate extracellular microbes

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21
Q

Where mature T lymphocytes and what type of microbes do they fight?

A
  • in thymus

- that live inside cells

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22
Q

effector cells are

A
  • lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes
23
Q

in tissues are what type of effector cells?

A

mast cells and macrophages

24
Q

dendritic cells are

A

prof. antigen presenting cells

25
Q

Which cells derive from Common lymphoid progenitor?

A
  • B and T cells
  • NK cells
  • dendritic cells
26
Q

Which cells derive from common myeloid progenitor?

A
  • dendritic cells
  • granulocytes
  • macrophages
  • platelets
  • red cells
27
Q

Lymphocytes are what size?

A

7-12um in diameter

28
Q

how many lymphocytes are in the body

A

up tp 1 billion

29
Q

how much percent are leukocytes (white blood cells)

A

20-40%

30
Q

What are T helpers producing?

A

cytokines

31
Q

Memory T and B lymphocytes are

A

functionally non-active

32
Q

antigen presenting cells are

A
  • specialized cells that present antigens to T lymphocytes
33
Q

Where are APCs found

A
  • skin and mucosa
34
Q

function of APCs is

A
  • antigen capture and delivery to peripheral lymphoid organs
35
Q

which cells are the most powerful prof. APC?

A

dendritic cells

36
Q

what are CD molecules?

A
  • surface proteins acc. to the standardized CD nomenclature
37
Q

How can CD molecules act?

A
  • receptors, ligands and activation markers
38
Q

What are helper T cells?

A

CD4+

39
Q

what are cytotoxic t lymphocytes?

A

CD8+

40
Q

What lymphocytes are CD3+?

A
  • both helper and cytotoxic T cells (TCR)
41
Q

How many CD molecules are identified?

A
  • 360
42
Q

primary lymphoid organs are

A
  • bone marrow and thymus
43
Q

where are B cells completing their maturation?

A
  • in bone marrow in 2ndry organs
44
Q

Who maintains mature naive lymphocytes and initiate an adaptive immune response?

A
  • secondary lymphoid organs
45
Q

Which organs are secondary lymphoid organs ?

A
  • lymph
  • spleen
  • MALT incl. lymphoid follicles
  • GALT and BALT
46
Q

where is the B cell zone?

A
  • in lymphoid follicle
47
Q

the central part of B cells zone is involved in

A
  • germinal center involved in secondary immune response
48
Q

Which cells are present in the T cell zone?

A
  • antigen presenting cells (APC) and activation of T cells
49
Q

chemokine are present in

A

B and T cell zones

50
Q

How are lymphocytes activated?

A
  • naive T and B cells are waiting for the antigen which is transferred from the infection site
51
Q

After activation of naive Lymphocytes, effectors

A
  • effectors dont have to stay in the peripheral organ

- go to infection site to eliminate the antigen

52
Q

Who captures and delivers antigens to lamina propria in the MALT?

A
  • M cells
53
Q

What is a peyers patch?

A

B and T cell zones

54
Q

Who present antigens to T cells in lamina propria?

A

Dendritic cells

Immunology (13 decks)

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