acute responses (SAC 2) Flashcards
blood pressure
- the pressure exerted on the arterial wall
resting value = 120/80
exercise value = 180/80
systolic- pumping phase (increased through exercise)
diastolic- steady/relaxed phase
high BP - hypertension
low BP - hypotension
redistribution of blood flow
- Increases
Resting Rate: Muscles 20% Organs 80%
Exercise Rate: Muscles 20% Organs 80%
RESPIRATORY:
- Vasoconstriction (20%): occurs in arterioles supplying oxygen to the inactive areas.
- Vasodilation (80%): occurs in arterioles supplying oxygen to the working muscles.
CARDIOVASCULAR:
- Vasoconstriction (20%): decreases blood flow to inactive muscles and non-vital organs
- Vasodilation (80%): increases blood flow to active muscles
respiratory system & equation
- helps the body to take in oxygen from the environment and remove carbon dioxide from the body
- more O2 you can breathe in and more often you do, the more O2 into bloodstream and cells.
Respiratory Rate (BPM) x Tidal Volume (ml/breath) = Ventilation(L/min)
=> RR x TV = V
respiratory rate (RR)
- Increase
Resting Rate: 12-16 BPM
Exercise Rate:
Moderate
20-30 BPM
Intense
40-50 BPM
- RR increases to meet energy demands of exercise and deliver more O2 to working muscles. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic capacity.
tidal volume (TV)
- Increase
Resting Rate: 500ml/breath
Exercise Rate:
Moderate
2.5L/breath
Intense
3.0L/breath
- TV increases to allow greater volumes of blood/O2 being taken in per breath. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity.
ventilation (V)
- Increase
Resting Rate: 6L/min
Exercise Rate:
Moderate
50-75L/min
Intense
120-150L/min
- An increased rate leads to more O2 rich blood being distributed to the heart and to the working muscles per minute. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity.
cardiovascular system & equation
- to get more blood to the working muscles and to increase the removal of waste
Rate(BPM) x volume(ml/beat) = total cardiac output(L/min)
=> HR x SV = Q
heart rate (HR)
- Increase
Resting Rate: 60-80 BPM
Exercise Rate:
Moderate120-150 BPM
Intense180-200 BPM
- HR increases to meet energy demands of exercise and deliver more O2 to working muscles. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity.
CALCULATE MAX HR:
MAX HR = 220-AGE
stroke volume (SV)
- Increase
Resting Rate: 60-80 BPM
Exercise Rate:
Moderate 120-150 ml/beat
Intense 150-180 ml/beat - Amount of blood injected out of the heart per beat. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity
- Increase allowing more blood to be ejected out during exercise
- It will reach max at around 50% max HR - due to the heart only being so big and having a certain filling capacity
cardiac output (Q)
- Increase
Resting Rate: 5-6 L/min
Exercise Rate:
Moderate
12-15 L/min
Intense
20-30 L/min
- An increased leads to more O2 rich blood being distributed to working muscles per minute. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity.
- REGARDLESS OF YOUR AEROBIC FITNESS AT REST A UNFIT PERSON AND FIT PERSON WILL HAVE THE SAME CARDIAC OUTPUT
plasma volume
- decrease
resting: higher
exercise: lower
- Due to sweating and fluid loss during exercise, the plasma (fluid component of the blood) will decrease.
- not steady during steady state, it goes down.
relationship between cardiovascular and respiratory acute responses
- linear relationship
- increases and decreases together
blood lactate (muscular response)
- increase
- higher intensity = higher lactate production
- as you begin exercise the more lactate you will create due to not enough O2 being delivered to the working muscles
- lactate is the end product of glycolysis
- O2 helps metabolise the byproducts (lactate & hydrogen ions) and therefore we have less fatigue
glycolysis = the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of O2 are available (products = lactate & hydrogen ions)
- ALWAYS LACTATE IN BLOOD DUE TO ALWAYS HAVING GLYCOGEN METABOLISM
muscular system acute responses
- efficiency to extract the available oxygen and fuels from the bloodstream and use for muscular contraction performance that allow movement to occur
- increases = rate of ATP production, force production, contraction rate
AVO2 difference
- Increase
Resting Rate: Low
Exercise Rate: High
- The difference between oxygen saturation within the arteries as opposed to the veins. Directly related to muscular O2 demand.
- high AVO2 difference = move more oxygen in your arteries and get it into the muscle cell
- low AVO2 difference = means only small amount of oxygen in veins and arteries, which mean muscles have used barley any oxygen from bloodstream
motor unit recruitment
- increase
- By electrical impulse signals that are sent from the central nervous system to the motor neuron. This enables the correct number of muscles fibres to be recruited dependent on the intensity of activity. The higher intensity the greater the motor unit recruitment.
- when increased = more muscle fibres are told to contract during exercise
muscle temperature
- increase
- Heat is a byproduct of aerobic energy production via converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. Muscle contraction/friction creates heat.
enzyme activity
- increase
- Enzyme activity speeds up chemical reactions, so the increased actions of enzymes will allow greater ATP production and resynthesis. We can therefore produce more energy at any given intensity.
energy substrates
- decrease
resting:
triglycerides = 1-2 days
glycogen = 2 hrs
creatine phosphate = 10 sec
exercise:
Intensity of exercise will dictate which energy substrate we use most predominantly
- As you exercise your fuel stores deplete (ATP). PC, muscle glycogen and muscle triglycerides are all used to resynthesise ATP and so they are metabolised to create energy. The depletion can contribute to fatigue
- not steady during steady state, it goes down.
