Acute Responses Flashcards
Respiratory acute responses
Ventilation increases
Diffusion increases
Cardiovascular acute responses
Cardiac output increases Blood pressure increases Venous return increases Redistribution of blood flow A-VO2 diff increases Blood volume decreases
Muscular acute responses
Body temperature increases
Lactate production increases
Motor unit recruitment increases
Energy substrates decrease
Oxygen debt EPOC
When oxygen levels are higher than required at rest to restore the body to a homeostasis level
Oxygen deficit
When the bodys demand for oxygen is greater than the body’s supply of oxygen
Steady state
State at which oxygen supply is equal to oxygen demand
Ventilation
Tidal volume x respiratory rate
Ventilation is the amount of air breathed in or out per minute
Tidal volume
Amount of air inspired or expired per breath (measured in litres)
Respiratory Rate
Amount of breaths taken per minute (bpm)
Cardiac output
Q= Stroke volume x heart rate
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute (L/min)
Stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat (mL/per best)
Heart rate
The amount of times your heart beats per minute (beats per minute)
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
A-VO2 differential
The difference in oxygen concentration between the arteries and the veins
Why does ventilation increase?
So there is more oxygen readily available in the lungs to be diffused into the blood and so greater amounts of carbon dioxide can be expelled from the body
Why does cardiac output increase?
So more oxygenated blood can reach the working skeletal muscles in an attempt to meet the oxygen demand by the body
Two mechanisms involved in thermoregulation
Sweating
Redistribution of blood flow
Why do energy substrates decrease?
Decrease as we require them to build up ATP from ADP.
What occurs during fast epoc?
ATP is resynthesised
PC stores are replenished
What occurs during slow epoc?
Buffering out of hydrogen ions and lactate
Lactate is reconverted into glycogen
All or none law
States that motor units will either contract maximally or not at all
Lactate inflection point (LIP)
Where lactate production equals lactate removal
How do you improve LIP?
Work aerobically
How do you improve lactate tolerance?
Work anaerobically
What is vasodilation ?
Is when the arteries get bigger so more blood is able to reach the working skeletal muscles
How does swearing and redistribution of blood flow assist thermoregulation?
Sweating cools you down through water molecules getting to the skin
Redistribution of blood flow cools us down with the assistance vasodilation. Veins are closer to the skin and are able to be cooled down by wind.
