Acute red eye Flashcards
What happens in red eye?
Usually caused by injection & prominence of the superficial blood vessels of the conjunctiva
With what symptoms/signs can acute red eye present?
Red eyes (ciliary flush) funnily enough - distribution & degree?
Pain - itchy, gritty, stabbing, throbbing?
Discharge - purulent, mucoid, watery?
Photophobia
Flashing lights & floaters
Blurred vision - always important to check
How is acute red eye investigated?
Examination:
- Best-corrected visual acuity (Snellen chart)
- Fundoscopy - direct ophthalmoscope, slit lamp & volk lens
- Staining with fluroscene – outlines epithelial defects
What are the signs and symptoms of infective red eye?
Red eyes
“Gritty” pain
Purulent or watery discharge
How is infective red-eye treated?
Topical antibiotics
What are the signs and symptoms of acute red-eye?
Red (but often not as angry looking)
“Itchy” pain
Discharge - mucoid or watery
Lid swelling
Conjunctival swelling - “chemosis”
How is acute red-eye treated?
Topical antihistamine
Avoid allergen
Mast cell stabilisers
What is corneal abrasion?
Scratch to the surface of the cornea of the eye - can often happen secondary to acute red-eye due to patient scratching
What are the symptoms and signs of a corneal abrasion?
Sharp pain
Watering of eye
Blurred vision
Epithelial defect
How is a corneal abrasion treated?
Analgesia
Topical antibiotics
+ treatment of red eye if thats caused the abrasion
What is Acute Anterior Uveitis?
Inflammation of iris and ciliary body
What are the signs and symptoms of Acute anterior uveitis?
Red, Pain, Watering
Photophobia
+/- Blurred vision, +/- Floaters
Cells in anterior chamber
Hypopyon
Small irregular pupil
May have previous history
In acute anterior uveitis, what causes “Cells in the anterior chamber”?
?
What is “Hypopyon”?
Leukocytic (inflammatory) exudate into the anterior chamber of the eye - will pool at bottom due to gravity
Caused by inflammation of the Uvea and Iris
How is acute anterior uveitis treated?
Topical steroids
Dilating drops
What scleritis?
Serious inflammatory disease that affects the Sclera - the white outer coating of the eye
Tends to develop secondary to autoimmune diseases - Rheumatoid arthritis etc
What are the signs and symptoms of Scleritis?
Severe!!! pain
Redness (deep scleral vessels)
Immovable nodule in sclera
Very tender
How is scleritis treated?
Systemic steroids
Probably analgesia etc as well
What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and cause vision loss
What is Acute Angle-closure glaucoma?
One of the types of Glaucoma in which the Iridocorneal angle is basically really fkn small/closed
Aqueous humor basically can’t flow properly and accumulates leading to an increase in pressure - eventually leading to problemos
What are the symptoms of Acute angle closure glaucoma?
Severe!!! pain
Redness
Blurred vision
Nausea & vomiting
What are the signs of acute angle closure glaucoma?
Hazy cornea
Fixed mid-dilated pupil
Hard eyeball
How is acute angle closure glaucoma treated?
Lower intra-ocular pressure
Constrict pupil
What is orbital cellulitis?
Infection of orbital tissues
most commonly caused by an acute spread of infection into the eye socket from either the adjacent sinuses or through the blood
Identify the different types/aspects of orbital cellulitis
Just cause we havent had enough of these in this deck
What are the symptoms of Orbital cellulitis?
Bad Pain, Redness
Blurred vision
Diplopia (double vision)
Malaise
Pyrexia
What are the signs of orbital cellulitis?
Redness
Swelling
Proptosis - eye sticks out (aka exophthalmos)
Pyrexia
Reduced eye movement
How is orbital cellulitis investigated & treated?
Admit hospital
IV antibiotics
CT Scan
Drainage of pus
