acute phase response Flashcards
briefly summarize what happens happens in the inflammatory reaction during the acute phase
vasodilation of vessels, capillary wall permeability increases, transmigration of cells into target tissue, changes of bio synthetic, metabolic and catabolic profile of many organs, immune system activation
what can cause inflammation
bacteria, trauma, sepsis, burns, pancreatitis, autoimmune disorders.
define acute phase response
general term for the systemic and metabolic changes that occur within hours of an inflammatory stimulus
what are the local proinflammtory cytokines (main ones normally released)
tnf a, il6, il1,
name biological processes in acute phase response KEY TERMS
leukocytosis, complement activation, opsonisation, clotting, protease inhibition
In systemic response in acute phase reaction what systems /areas
liver, metabolic, haematoglic, neuroendocrine, biochemical
what inflammatory mediators cause fever
tnf-a and il1
what inflammatory mediators cause stress hormone release
tfna il1
what inflammatory mediators cause synthesis of il6 and il8
tnfa and il1
what stimulates release of acute phase reactants such as crp
cytokines especially il6
what cytokines are responsible for decreasing the inflammatory response
il10 and il4 anti inflammatory
what are acute phase proteins APP
large groups of biochemical and functionally unrelated proteins whose plasma conc decrease and increase in repsonse to injury, ACUTE infections, burns or chronic inflammation.
why are app useful in tests
APPs are ideal biomarkers of inflammation
where are the APP produced
in the liver
name the apps
fibrinogen, crp, serum amyloid protein, haptoglobin
serum amyloid a would be expected to be raised in response to infection, would it be higher in bacterial or viral
higher in bacterial
what is haptoglobin
APP : Conserve iron by binding to free Haemoglobin
Increased in acute inflammation
what does crp do
removes potentially toxic substances from damaged tissues, useful in assesing response to treatment and inflammation severity
which apps show a fast rise in concentration and fall quickly back to normal levels
crp and SAA
which apps rise more steadily and have a lower peak
fibronogen and haptoglobin
what is procalcitonin PCT
precursor of calcitonin
what is significance of pct with regards to septic patients
PCT kinetics provide important information on prognosis of sepsis patients, especially as clinical symptoms are often insufficient
PCT kinetics in septic cases are only applicable if the septic origin is..
bacterial
why is PCT more useful than crp for suspected septic patients
It rises faster than crp so it can indicate sepsis severity earlier on improving outcomes
what can thrombocytopenia suggest
low platelet
counts seen in overt DIC
