Acute Pharyngitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of acute pharyngitis

A

Scratchy or sore throat
Pain with swallowing
Red and edematous pharynx
Possible exudates on the tonsils or pharynx

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2
Q

What are the signs of bacterial pharyngitis (strep throat)?

A

Fever >100.4°F (38°C)
Anterior cervical lymph node enlargement
Tonsillar/pharyngeal exudate
Absence of cough

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3
Q

What are the signs of fungal pharyngitis

A

White, irregular patches on the oropharynx

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4
Q

What increases the risk of fungal pharyngitis

A

Prolonged antibiotic use
Inhaled corticosteroids
Immunosuppression (e.g., HIV)

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5
Q

what do you assess for?

A

Severity of throat pain
Presence of fever
Exudates on tonsils/pharynx
Swollen lymph nodes
Presence or absence of cough

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6
Q

how is bacterial pharyngitis diagnosed?

A

Rapid antigen detection test (rapid strep test) and/or throat culture

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7
Q

When is a throat culture needed?

A

when ≥2 bacterial criteria are present (fever, lymph node swelling, exudates, absence of cough)

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8
Q

what is the treatment for viral pharyngitis

A

Fluids
Pain relievers (acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
Throat lozenges
Warm salt water gargles
Humidifiers

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9
Q

what are the first-line antibiotics for bacterial pharyngitis?

A

First-line antibiotic: Penicillin for 10 days to prevent complications (e.g., rheumatic fever).

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10
Q

what are the alternatives for penicillin allergy?

A

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Azithromycin
1st generation cephalosporins

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11
Q

what is the treatment for fungal pharyngitis?

A

Treated with Nystatin (swish and swallow antifungal antibiotic)

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12
Q

How do you prevent pharyngitis with inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Rinse mouth thoroughly with water after each use to prevent fungal pharyngitis.

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13
Q

How long is the Pt contagious?

A

24-48 hours after starting antibiotics

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14
Q

What are some home remedies to relieve throat pain?

A

Gargling warm salt water
Drinking warm/cold fluids
Using throat lozenges
Using a cool-mist humidifier

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15
Q

what do you avoid?

A

Avoid citrus juices, as they can irritate the throat.

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16
Q

when do you seek medical attention?

A

if symptoms worsen, do not improve after 10 days, and difficulty breathing or swallowing develops