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Liver > acute liver failure > Flashcards

acute liver failure Flashcards

1
Q

define liver failure

A

liver loses its ability to repair and regenerate leading to decompensation

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2
Q

when is a liver compensated?

A

when it can still function effectively and there are no, or few clinical symptoms

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3
Q

define acute liver failure

A

liver suddenly loses its ability to function in patients with previously normal liver

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4
Q

what is acute liver failure accompanied with?

A
  1. Hepatic encephalopathy
  2. jaundice
  3. coagulopathy (>1.5 INR)
  4. Ascites
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5
Q

what can acute liver failure be also known as?

A

Fulminant liver failure

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6
Q

what is fulminant liver failure?

A

rare syndrome of massive hepatocyte necrosis

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7
Q

what can be described as hyper acute?

A

HE within 7 days of jaundice

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8
Q

what can be described as acute?

A

HE within 8-28 days of jaundice

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9
Q

what can be described as sub acute?

A

HE within 5-26 weeks of jaundice

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of fulminant liver failure?

A

paracetamol overdose

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11
Q

define acute on chronic liver failure

A

abrupt decline in patient with chronic liver symptoms

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12
Q

define chronic failure

A

patient with progressive history of liver disease

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13
Q

what are the causes of acute liver failure?

A
  1. Viral
  2. Autoimmune Hep
  3. Drugs
  4. HCC
  5. Metabolic
  6. Obstruction
  7. Vascular
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14
Q

give examples of viral causes of acute liver failure

A

Hep A,B,E
CMV
EBV

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15
Q

give examples of drugs causing acute liver failure

A

Paracetamol, ecstasy, alcohol

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16
Q

give examples of metabolic causes of acute liver failure

A

Wilsons
AIATD ( alpha I anti trypisin)
Haemochromatosis

17
Q

give an example of an obstruction that causes of acute liver failure

A

Budd Chian

18
Q

give an example of a vascular cause of acute liver failure

A

ischaemia

19
Q

what are some symptoms of acute liver failure?

A
  • jaundice
    -nausea
    -anorexia
    -malaise
20
Q

what are some signs of acute liver failure?

A
  • coagulopathy
    -factor hepaticus
  • hepatic encephalopathy
  • ascites
    -cerebral oedema
21
Q

what is coagulopathy treated with?

A

with vitamin K

22
Q

what is hepatic encephalopathy treated with?

A

with lactulose

23
Q

what signs are included in hepatic encephalopathy?

A
  • altered mood
  • liver flap, asterixis
24
Q

what is ascites treated with?

A

diuretics

25
Q

what is cerebral oedema treated with?

A

IV mannitol

Liver (21 decks)

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