Acute inflammatory response

Question 1

Leukocyte diapedesis (passage through walls of capillaries)

Answer 1

1. Circulating
2. Tethering rolling
3. Firm adhesion
4. Transmigration

Question 2

Selectins

Answer 2

Lectin-like adhesion molecules that bind CHO structures (weakly)

Question 3

Selectins are expressed by

Answer 3

Leukocytes and endothelium

Question 4

Leukocyte activation leads to

Answer 4

transient increase in avidity and rapid shedding by proteolytic cleavage

Question 5

Where is P-selectin stored?

Answer 5

Granules

Question 6

E-selectin expressions is induced by

Answer 6

cytokines or LPS

Question 7

E-selectin expressions is inhibited by

Answer 7

glucocorticoids

Question 8

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-II (LAD-II)

Answer 8

Defective glucose metabolism - leukocytes do no express selectin ligands
Decreased rolling response on E- or P-selectins

Question 9

Rolling along endothelial cell surface activates

Answer 9

integrins

Question 10

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I (LAD-I)

Answer 10

Leukocytes do not adhere to extracellular material or endothelium in vitro
Leukocytes deficient in beta 2 integrin

Question 11

Intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2)

Answer 11

Basally expressed on endothelium

Question 12

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)

Answer 12

Induced by cytokines IL-1, TNF

Question 13

Natalizumab (Tysabri)

Answer 13

Monoclonal antibody against alpha 4 integrin

Inhibits T lymphocytes interactions with brain endothelium

Question 14

Transmigration involves

Answer 14

CAMs and chemotaxis (chemoattractants)

Question 15

Proteases are derived from

Answer 15

plasma zymogens, tissue cells, activated leukocytes

Question 16

Proteases have a central role in

Answer 16

host defence, inflammation, initiating repair, removal of damaged tissue

Question 17

3 inter-related plasma derived factors

Answer 17

Complement
Kinin system
Clotting cascade

Question 18

Angioedema

Answer 18

Deep cutaneous and mucous swelling

Question 19

ACE inhibitors block

Answer 19

ANGII synthesis - useful in hypertension

Bradykinin degradation - increases inflammation

Question 20

Treat hereditary angioedema with

Answer 20

Exogenous C1 inhibitor

Bradykinin receptor antagonist (icatibant)

Question 21

Families of proteolytic enzymes

Answer 21

Matrix metalloproteases (MMP)
Serine proteases
Cysteine proteases
Aspartate proteases

Question 22

Collagen broken down by

Answer 22

Matrix metalloproteases (MMP) (collagenase)

Question 23

MMP activated by

Answer 23

removal of propeptide by other proteases

chemical modification of propeptide by RONS

Question 24

C-terminus of MMP important in

Answer 24

Substrate specificity and regulation

Question 25

Peptidomimetics

Answer 25

Small hydroxamic acid based molecules
Zinc binding
Based on collagen structure
Inhibit MMP activity

Question 26

Serine readily inactivated by

Answer 26

oxidation