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FOM week 7 > acute inflammation 2 > Flashcards

acute inflammation 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the suffix for inflammation?

A

‘itis’

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2
Q

what is inflammation of the lungs and pleura called?

A

lungs- pneumonia
pleura- pleurisy

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3
Q

what is the role of a neutrophil?

A

mobile phagocytes

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4
Q

what is chemotaxis

A

when neutrophils move towards foreign antigen

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5
Q

what helps neutrophils digest foreign organisms/particles?

A

granules help as they contain digestive enzymes

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6
Q

what happens to neutrophils after digesting foreign organism
( nuetrophil consequence action)

A

neutrophil dies and produces pus

(the pus may extend to other tissue worsening the condition)

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7
Q

name the 2 plasma proteins mainly involved in acute inflammation

A

fibrinogen and immunoglobulins

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8
Q

what does fibrinogen do in acute inflammation?

A

coagulates to form fibrin
fibrin clots the exudate which localizes the inflammatory process (less easy to spread to other areas)

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9
Q

what does the word lysis mean

A

means ‘killing’ of cells

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10
Q

role of immunoglobulins in acute inflammation

A

helps antibodies recognise pathogens to be phagocytosed

also help in the complement system (system that helps ur body heal etc)

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11
Q

state 2 locations of acute inflammatory mediators

A
  • molecules on endothelial cell surface
    -molecules in blood plasma
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12
Q

what 5 things do inflammatory mediators cause ?

A

-vasodilation (change in vessel radius flow)
-increased permeability
-itch/pain
-chemotaxis
-neutrophil adhesion

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13
Q

what molecule helps with neutrophil adhesion (pavementing stage)

A

ICAM-1

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14
Q

What inflammatory mediator is released from Mast Cells?

A

Histamine

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15
Q

what antibody triggers the release of histamine ?

A

IgE cells

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16
Q

what does histamine act on and play a role in?

A

histamine acts on H1 receptors on endothelial cells and causes vasodilation & increased vessel wall permability

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17
Q

Where is the inflammatory mediator 5-hydroxytryptamine made/found?

A

platelets

18
Q

What is 5-hydroxytryptamine called?

A

serotonin

19
Q

what does serotonin cause ?

A

causes vasoconstriction

20
Q

When is serotonin released? (5-hydroxytryptamine)

A

when platelets coagulate to repair a damaged vessel

20
Q

what is malaise?

A

felling unwell

21
Q

what does pyrexia cause

A

raised temperature

22
Q

What symptoms do children with inflammation show specially? state 2

A

abdominal pain
vomiting

23
Q

Define Neutrophilia and what does the bone marrow produce more of?

A

high number of neutrophils in the blood

bone marrow produces more white cells

24
Q

what is it called when pus ends up in the bloodstream?

A

pyaemia

25
Q

what is empyema ?

A

pus in hollow viscus

26
Q

Define bacteraemia

A

bacteria in the blood

27
Q

Define Septicaemia

A

bacteria growing in the blood

28
Q

how to calculate CO

A

Cardiac output
HR X SV
(heart rate x stroke volume)

29
Q

What is SVR and how is it calculated ?

A

systemic vascular resistance
SVR= BP/CO

30
Q

What happens to Stroke volume during shock?

A

stroke volume decreases during shock

31
Q

What are the 4 enzyme cascades that interact and make up plasma inflammatory mediators?

A

The blood coagulation pathway
Fibrinolysis
Kinin system
Complement Cascade

31
Q

what are cytokines and chemokines & what produces them?

A

chemical mediators
produced by endothelium, macrophages & lymphocytes

32
Q

role of fibrinolysis ?

A

breakdown the fibrin clots which helps with blood supply

33
Q

what is the product of fibrin breakdown?

A

products are vasoactive (affect vessel diameter)

34
Q

What are the symptoms of early septic shock?

A

Peripheral Vasodilation
Tachycardia
Hypotension (Low BP)
Pyrexia (raised temp)
Sometimes haemorrhagic skin rash

35
Q

How is pyrexia caused during septic shock?

A

Bacterial endotoxin released
-> Interleukin-1 acts on hypothalamus
-> raised temperature (pyrexia)

36
Q

How is haemorrhagic skin rash caused during septic shock?

A

Shock causes coagulation
-> fibrin breakdown releases vasoactive chemicals that cause vasodilation
-> Results in haemorrhagic rash

37
Q

Whats the effect of falling blood pressure?

A

Reduced tissue perfusion
-> Tissue Hypoxia
-> Loss of tissue & organ function

38
Q

What is the outcome of septic shock?

A

Tissue hypoxia -> cell death
Resulting in haemorrhage & death.

39
Q

what does the molecule ICAM-1 help with?

A

neutrophil adhension (pavementing)

FOM week 7 (7 decks)

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