acute inflammation Flashcards
be familiar with the 6 things can cause acute inflammation
- Micro-organisms
- Mechanial trauma to tissue
- Chemical changes
- Extreme physical conditions
- Dead tissue
- Hypersensitivity
what are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation ?
rubor (redness)
calor(heat)
dalor(pain)
loss of function
tumor(swelling)
what is the pathogenesis steps for acute inflammation ?
change in vessel radius (flow)
change is vessel wall permeability
neutrophils move from the vessels to extracellular space
what is the triple response?
flush, flare , wheal(white mark)
list the 3 types of vessel radius change?
- transient arteriolar constriction
2.local arteriolar dilation
3.smooth muscle relaxation
why increase local blood flow?
cause rubor and calor
what causes vessel wall permeability change during acute inflammation?
local chemical mediators produce a leak in the endothelium
what is another name for chemical mediators ?
chemokines
what are the effects of increased vessel permeability ?
net movement of plasma proteins/fluids from capilliaries to extracellular space (exudation)
what is the effect of exudation?
oedema is an effect of exudation
this is the accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space
causes swelling,pain etc
what is oedema
accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space
How does increased permeability effect flow?
it slows it down due to increased viscocity
In short what are the 3 stages of neutrophil movement from the vessel to the extravascular space
- margination
2.pavementing
3.emigration
describe the first stage ( margination ) of neutrophil movement from vessel to extraceullular space
neutrophils move to lumen
describe the second stage of neutrophil movement (pavementing)
neutrophils adhere the endothelia
