Acupuncture

Question 1

PENS

Answer 1

• Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
• Local needles in the back
• Distant Needles in the ankles, head, wrists
• Low Frequency/High Intensity PENS for 15 min
• High Frequency/Low Intensity PENS for 15 min

Question 2

Low Frequency/High Intensity

Answer 2

• 2 to 15 Hz (as strong as the pt can tolerate)
• spinal cord= enkephalin, Dynorphin B
• midbrain = enkephalin, serotonin, NE
• pituitary/hypothalamus= B-endorphin, ACTH
• effect blocked by naloxone
• analgesia slow onset/long duration
• cumulative effects

Question 3

high frequency/low intensity

Answer 3

• 30-200 Hz just to where the pt can barely feel it
• spinal cord/midbrain only - GABA
• effect NOT blocked by naloxone
• analgesia fast onset/short duration
• non-cumulative effects

Question 4

distal needles activate…

Answer 4

the midbrain and hypothalamic pituitary complex without benefit of segmental effects

Question 5

proximal needles activate…

Answer 5

segmental circuis operaing at cell 7 in the spinal cord as well as the midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus

Question 6

acupuncture needles

Answer 6

• stainless steel shaft with a spiraled handle of another kind of metal
• it has a temperature gradient and it is a conductor

Question 7

needle in dispersion

Answer 7

• used in conditions of excess (like sprains)

- often produces local erythema of skin and reaction is one after erythema clears (10-15 min)

Question 8

needle in tonification

Answer 8

• manipulate needle manually
• indicated in deficiency state (chronic or dysfunction states)
• requires heat, manual manipulation, or electrical stimulation in an anatomically logical circuit
• provokes a wave of depol/repol that propagates itself from one needle to the next along the course of least resistance, the lamellar flow around the muscle, and the deep aspect of acupuncture meridians