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Biology > Actin > Flashcards

Actin Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many domains in G actin

A

4

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2
Q

What does G actin turn into

A

F actin

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3
Q

What is the step size of actin

A

36nm

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4
Q

What makes actin polar

A

ATP-binding cleft

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5
Q

What ways do the arrows point

A

Always towards the negative end

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6
Q

What does myosin S1 do

A

Form arrowheads and stabalize the actin

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7
Q

What end does polymerization of actin occur preferentially at

A

The positive end

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8
Q

What is the critical concentration of the negative end

A

0.60

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9
Q

What is the crtical concentration of the positive end

A

0.12

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10
Q

What happens if you are above or below CC

A

Above you are polymerizing and if you de polymerzing if below

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11
Q

What if you have something in between the two numbers

A

Treadmilling

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12
Q

What do you need for polymerization

A

G-actin bound to ATP

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13
Q

What does Thymosin do

A

Sequesters actin and provides a reservoir

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14
Q

What does profilin do

A

Promotes actin polymerization by changing G-ADP into G-ATP actin

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15
Q

What is Cofilin

A

enhances depolymerization

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16
Q

What does Cap z do

A

Will prevent assembly and disassembly binds to positive end

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17
Q

What does Tropomodulin do

A

Binds to the negative end and prevents assebly and disassembly

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18
Q

What does Cytochalasin do

A

Depolymerizes actin fillaments

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19
Q

What does Phallodin do

A

Stabalizes actin filaments

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20
Q

What are formins

A

Act as nucleating portiens and regulate assembly of unbranched filaments

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21
Q

What end does formin regulate

A

Positive

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22
Q

What regulates formin

A

RHO-GTP

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23
Q

What does Arp 2/3 mediate

A

Filament branching

24
Q

What does Arp 2/3 need

A

Nucleation promoting factor such as wasp or wave that they have to be activated by Cdc24 and Rac

25
Q

What does WASp go with

A

Cdc42

26
Q

What does Wave go with

A

Rac

27
Q

What is listeria

A

It activates ARP 2/3 without Rac and moves arounf very quicky

28
Q

What can Arp 2/3 also do

A

Can end in endocytosis which is pulling the plasma membran into the cell and aid is phagocytosis which is pushing the membrane out

29
Q

What form bundels

A

Fimbrin and alpha actin (unbranched fillaments)

30
Q

What are networks

A

Spectrin and Filamin linked by other protiens

31
Q

What do Red blood cell depend on

A

Actin network binding protiens to support the cell membrane (ankyrin)

32
Q

What does ezrin do

A

Help the microvilli be stable by attaching to the membrane

33
Q

What does ankyrin do

A

Link and anchor the network to the membrane

34
Q

What does Dystrophin do

A

Pulls on the PM of the cell if the muscle cell is being pulled

35
Q

What is myosin

A

Actins motor protien have heavy and light chains atpase head beck binds light chain tail binds cargo

36
Q

Whatis class one of myosin

A

Works alone has one heavy chain support the PM tail attacheed to the membrane head to actin endocytosis

37
Q

What is class two of myosin

A

Found in muscle
Organize themselves
Heavy chains are in the middle and contract to the positive end

38
Q

What is class three of myosin

A

2 heavy chains
organelle transport
Membrane association/support contraction and transport positive end directed

39
Q

What effects the sliding speed

A

The length of the neck makes it go faster

40
Q

What is a single head step

A

72nm

41
Q

What happens when you add ATP

A

ADP is switched and the head lets go anc causes a recation

42
Q

Which end does the actin filament bind to

A

The positive end myosin is bound to

43
Q

What makes the head bind to the actin filament

A

When Atp is hydrolized

44
Q

What is the power stroke

A

Once it binds a Pi is released and elastic energy straightens myosin moving actin filament left

45
Q

What is the A band

A

Myosin 2 filaments they do not change size is is the thick fillament

46
Q

What comes closer together during contraction

A

Z disks

47
Q

What decreases in size

A

I band

48
Q

What is the I band

A

Is where the A band isn’t

49
Q

Where is the actin found

A

Between the Z disks

50
Q

What happens to the A band when it is contracted

A

It stays the same

51
Q

What does the Z disks have

A

CapZ

52
Q

What extends from Z disk

A

Titin (like a spring that helps muscles strech and return back)

53
Q

What centers everything

A

Nebulin

54
Q

Where does Ca flood in muscle cells

A

The Sacroplasmic reticulum

55
Q

What opens up the Ca channels

A

An electric signal

56
Q

Why are there low levels of calcium

A

With phoshpate it makes a perciptate

57
Q

What does Ca do when it binds to…..

A

Troponin and tropomyosin shifts their actin filament exposing myosin binding sites

Biology (11 decks)

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