ACQUIRED HEART DISEASES Flashcards
KAWASAKI DISEASE AND RHD
- mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
- Inflammation in the walls of small and medium arteries
KAWASAKI DISEASE
syndrome of KAWASAKI
MUCOCUTANEOUS LYMPH NODE SYNDROME
What are the key stages of Kawasaki Disease and their associated symptoms?
- Acute stage (fever, conjunctivitis, rash, erythema, adenopathy, mucosal changes)
- Subacute stage (desquamation, cardiac abnormalities)
- Convalescent stage ( cardiac aneurysm enlargement ),
- Chronic stage (possible aneurysm resolution)
List the ‘R’ signs that are easy to remember for Kawasaki Disease.
- rash
- red dry cracked lips
- red tongue (strawberry tongue)
- red inside the mouth and at the back of the throat
- red swollen hands and feet
- red eyes
- swollen glands
What is the mandatory diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki Disease?
Fever lasting more than 5 days
What are the additional signs required for a diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease beyond the mandatory fever?
- Bilateral non-suppurative conjunctivitis,
- polymorphous rash,
- extremity changes,
- cervical lymphadenopathy,
- mucosal changes
Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, usually greater than 1.5 cm in diameter
cervical lymphadenopathy
6 diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki Disease
- Fever lasting more than 5 days
- Bilateral non-suppurative conjunctivitis,
- polymorphous rash,
- extremity changes,
- cervical lymphadenopathy,
- mucosal changes
What laboratory changes are typically observed in Kawasaki Disease?
Elevated white blood cell count and often elevated platelet count in the subacute phase
What is the significance of echocardiography in diagnosing Kawasaki Disease?
It helps assess cardiac involvement and measure the Z score, which indicates the size of any aneurysms.
It helps assess cardiac involvement and measure the Z score, which indicates the size of any aneurysms.
echocardiography in diagnosing Kawasaki Disease
Describe the acute stage symptoms of Kawasaki Disease.
F-C-R-E-A-M
F-C-R-E-A-M
Fever, conjunctivitis, rash, erythema, adenopathy, mucosal changes
chronic stage of Kawasaki Disease?
Aneurysm may resolve
1.Acute
2.Subacute
3.Convalascent
4.Chronic
What is the typical appearance of the rash associated with Kawasaki Disease?
Polymorphous rash that can vary in appearance, commonly seen on the trunk and extremities
extremities changes during Kawasaki Disease
Redness or swelling of the hands and feet, often with peeling skin in the later stages
List the primary treatments used for Kawasaki Disease.
- Aspirin,
- Immunoglobulin,
- Steroids,
- Anti thrombolytics.
What autoimmune condition can develop as a result of a streptococcal infection?
Rheumatic heart disease/rheumatic fever.
RHD major s/sx
- Joints-Migratory arthritis
- <3-carditis
- Nodules
- Erythematous marginatum
- Syndenham’s chorea.
JONES
RHD minor s/sx
- Arthralgia (joint pain without swelling)
- Fever (mild to moderate).
- Elevated Inflammatory markers
[ASO, ESR, CRP]
Joint pain that moves from one joint to another, often described as ‘ascending’ pain.
MIGRATORY ARTHRITIS
It indicates a recent streptococcal infection.
elevated Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer indicate
increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) suggest?
inflammation
Indication of elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels
acute inflammation
They are pain relievers used to manage pain and inflammation.
NSAIDS
They may be used to reduce inflammation in cases with severe carditis or significant inflammation.
CORTICOSTEROIDS
DOC to prevent recurrent streptococcal infections and subsequent rheumatic fever.
prophylactic antibiotics
in the context of streptococcal infections
DOC used to manage heart failure symptoms
CARDIAC MEDICATIONS
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or beta-blockers.
DOC to help control movement disorders associated with neurological conditions like Sydenham’s chorea.
anticonvulsants like
* Carbamazepine or
* Valproic Acid
To reduce cardiac workload and allow for recovery.
Complete Bed Rest
What are the potential consequences of untreated streptococcal infections?
They can lead to rheumatic fever and other complications.
RHD DOC
- NSAIDS [pain reliever]
- CORTICOSTEROIDS [reduces infla]
- PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS [prevent recurrent strep inf.]
- CARDIAC MEDS [reduce cariac w/load]
- CARBAMEZAPINE / VALPROIC ACID [anticonvulsant]
