ACQUIRED HEART DISEASES

Question 1

• mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
• Inflammation in the walls of small and medium arteries

Answer 1

KAWASAKI DISEASE

Question 2

syndrome of KAWASAKI

Answer 2

MUCOCUTANEOUS LYMPH NODE SYNDROME

Question 3

What are the key stages of Kawasaki Disease and their associated symptoms?

Answer 3

• Acute stage (fever, conjunctivitis, rash, erythema, adenopathy, mucosal changes)
• Subacute stage (desquamation, cardiac abnormalities)
• Convalescent stage ( cardiac aneurysm enlargement ),
• Chronic stage (possible aneurysm resolution)

Question 4

List the ‘R’ signs that are easy to remember for Kawasaki Disease.

Answer 4

• rash
• red dry cracked lips
• red tongue (strawberry tongue)
• red inside the mouth and at the back of the throat
• red swollen hands and feet
• red eyes
• swollen glands

Question 5

What is the mandatory diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki Disease?

Answer 5

Fever lasting more than 5 days

Question 6

What are the additional signs required for a diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease beyond the mandatory fever?

Answer 6

• Bilateral non-suppurative conjunctivitis,
• polymorphous rash,
• extremity changes,
• cervical lymphadenopathy,
• mucosal changes

Question 7

Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, usually greater than 1.5 cm in diameter

Answer 7

cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 8

6 diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki Disease

Answer 8

• Fever lasting more than 5 days
• Bilateral non-suppurative conjunctivitis,
• polymorphous rash,
• extremity changes,
• cervical lymphadenopathy,
• mucosal changes

Question 9

What laboratory changes are typically observed in Kawasaki Disease?

Answer 9

Elevated white blood cell count and often elevated platelet count in the subacute phase

Question 10

What is the significance of echocardiography in diagnosing Kawasaki Disease?

Answer 10

It helps assess cardiac involvement and measure the Z score, which indicates the size of any aneurysms.

Question 11

It helps assess cardiac involvement and measure the Z score, which indicates the size of any aneurysms.

Answer 11

echocardiography in diagnosing Kawasaki Disease

Question 12

Describe the acute stage symptoms of Kawasaki Disease.

F-C-R-E-A-M

Answer 12

F-C-R-E-A-M
Fever, conjunctivitis, rash, erythema, adenopathy, mucosal changes

Question 13

chronic stage of Kawasaki Disease?

Answer 13

Aneurysm may resolve

1.Acute
2.Subacute
3.Convalascent
4.Chronic

Question 14

What is the typical appearance of the rash associated with Kawasaki Disease?

Answer 14

Polymorphous rash that can vary in appearance, commonly seen on the trunk and extremities

Question 15

extremities changes during Kawasaki Disease

Answer 15

Redness or swelling of the hands and feet, often with peeling skin in the later stages

Question 16

List the primary treatments used for Kawasaki Disease.

Answer 16

• Aspirin,
• Immunoglobulin,
• Steroids,
• Anti thrombolytics.

Question 17

What autoimmune condition can develop as a result of a streptococcal infection?

Answer 17

Rheumatic heart disease/rheumatic fever.

Question 18

RHD major s/sx

Answer 18

• Joints-Migratory arthritis
• <3-carditis
• Nodules
• Erythematous marginatum
• Syndenham’s chorea.

JONES

Question 19

RHD minor s/sx

Answer 19

• Arthralgia (joint pain without swelling)
• Fever (mild to moderate).
• Elevated Inflammatory markers
  [ASO, ESR, CRP]

Question 20

Joint pain that moves from one joint to another, often described as ‘ascending’ pain.

Answer 20

MIGRATORY ARTHRITIS

Question 21

It indicates a recent streptococcal infection.

Answer 21

elevated Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer indicate

Question 22

increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) suggest?

Answer 22

inflammation

Question 23

Indication of elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels

Answer 23

acute inflammation

Question 24

They are pain relievers used to manage pain and inflammation.

Answer 24

NSAIDS

Question 25

They may be used to reduce inflammation in cases with severe carditis or significant inflammation.

Answer 25

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Question 26

DOC to prevent recurrent streptococcal infections and subsequent rheumatic fever.

Answer 26

prophylactic antibiotics

in the context of streptococcal infections

Question 27

DOC used to manage heart failure symptoms

Answer 27

CARDIAC MEDICATIONS

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or beta-blockers.

Question 28

DOC to help control movement disorders associated with neurological conditions like Sydenham’s chorea.

Answer 28

anticonvulsants like
* Carbamazepine or
* Valproic Acid

Question 29

To reduce cardiac workload and allow for recovery.

Answer 29

Complete Bed Rest

Question 30

What are the potential consequences of untreated streptococcal infections?

Answer 30

They can lead to rheumatic fever and other complications.

Question 31

RHD DOC

Answer 31

• NSAIDS [pain reliever]
• CORTICOSTEROIDS [reduces infla]
• PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS [prevent recurrent strep inf.]
• CARDIAC MEDS [reduce cariac w/load]
• CARBAMEZAPINE / VALPROIC ACID [anticonvulsant]