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Gibby SWE > ACMS CERTIFICATION REVIEW > Flashcards

ACMS CERTIFICATION REVIEW Flashcards

REVIEW QUESTIONS

0
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

Organized according to organ systems ( e.g nervous system, repiratory system )

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1
Q

What is regional or topographic anatomy?

A

organized in regions, parts or divisions ( e.g hands, mouth)

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2
Q

What is Biomechanics?

A

The principles of physics related to the energy and force as they apply to the human body.

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3
Q

What is Proximal?

A

Nearest to the body center, joint center or reference point.

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4
Q

What is Distal?

A

Away from the body center, joint center or reference point.

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5
Q

What is Superior (cranial)?

A

Above, towards the head

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6
Q

What is Inferior (caudal)?

A

Lower than, towards the feet.

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7
Q

What is Anterior (ventral)?

A

Towards the front

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8
Q

What is Posterior (dorsal)?

A

Towards the back

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9
Q

What is Medial?

A

Closer to the midline

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10
Q

What is lateral?

A

Away from the midline

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11
Q

How many planes the body has?

A

3 cardinal planes, sagittal, frontal and transverse (horizontal).

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12
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Makes a division into right and left portions

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13
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Makes a division into anetrior and posterior portions

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14
Q

What is the transverse plane or (horizontal plane)?

A

Make a division into the superior and inferior portions

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15
Q

How many axes the body has?

A

3 Mediolateral, Anteroposterior and longitudinal axis

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16
Q

What is the Mediolateral axis?

A

Lies perpendicular to the sagittal plane

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17
Q

What is the Anteroposterior axis?

A

Lies perpendicular to the frontal plane

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18
Q

What is the Longitudinal axis?

A

Lies perpendicular to the transverse plane

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19
Q

What is Flexion?

A

Movement that decreases the joint angle. It occurs in the sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis

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20
Q

What is Extentsion?

A

Movement opposite of flexion, increases the joint angle . It occurs in the sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis.

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21
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Movement towards the midline of the body in a frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis.

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22
Q

What is Abduction?

A

Movement away from the midline of the body in a frontal plane around the anteroposterior axis

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23
Q

What is Rotation?

A

Movement around a longitduinal axis and in the transverse plane, either towards the midline (internal) or away from the midline (external)

24
Q

What is Circumduction?

A

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. The segment moving in circumduction describes a cone.

25
Q

What is Pronation?

A

A rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing downward.

26
Q

What is Supination?

A

A rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing upward.

27
Q

What is Plantarflexion?

A

Extension at the ankle joint.

28
Q

What is Dorsiflexion?

A

Flexion at the ankle joint

29
Q

What is Eversion?

A

Moving the sole of the foot away from the midline (outward)

30
Q

What is Inversion?

A

Moving the sole of the foot towards the midline (inward)

31
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton?

A

It contains the bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

32
Q

Of the 29 bones of the skull, which one is the most significant in terms of exercise testing?

A

The Mandible, it may serve as an orienting landmark for palpating the carotid artery to assess pulse

33
Q

What acts as the main axial support for the body?

A

The vertebral column or the spine

34
Q

How many vertebrae in the spine?

A

33, 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused into one bone sacrum) and 4 coccygeal (fused into one bone coccyx.

35
Q

What are the intervertebral disk composed off?

A

Fibrocartilaginous tissue

36
Q

What is the outer fibrocartilaginous portion of the disk called?

A

annulus fibrosus

37
Q

What is the inner gelatinous portion?

A

Nucleus pulposus

38
Q

What is the purpose of the disks?

A

Unite the vertebral bodies and serve to absorb shock and bear weight

39
Q

How many curvatures does the adult vertebral column has?

A

4 in the sagittal plane

40
Q

The curves in the sacral and thoracic regions are defined as?

A

Kyphosis, because the convexity of the curve is posteriorly directed.

41
Q

Why are the sacral and thoracic curves considered primary?

A

Because they retain the same directional curvature as the spine in the fetus

42
Q

The curves in the cervical and lumbar regions are defined as?

A

Lordosis, because the convexity of the curve is anteriorly directed.

43
Q

Why are the cervical and lumbar curves considered secondary?

A

Because they develop after birth as the infant progresses in weight bearing

44
Q

What are the most common abnormal curves found in the sagittal plane?

A

Hyperkyhosis (exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature) and Hyperlordosis (exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature)

45
Q

What are the most common abnormal curves found in the frontal plane?

A

Scoliosis (lateral deviation in the frontal plane)

46
Q

How many ribs the human body has?

A

12 pairs and 7 are considered true ribs. The costal cartilage articulates with the sternum

47
Q

The spaces between ribs is called?

A

Intercostal spaces

48
Q

Where are the ECG electrodes placed?

A

Fourth and Fifth intercostal spaces

49
Q

Where is the sternum located?

A

In the middle of the chest

50
Q

What are the parts of the sternum?

A

3 parts, the manubrium (superior), the body (middle), xiphoid (inferior)

51
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

A slightly raised surface landmark where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum

52
Q

Palpation of the xiphoid process is necessary for what?

A

CPR

53
Q

How do you determine proper paddle placement in defibrillator?

A

By palpating the manubrium

54
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

It includes the bones of the arms, legs and pectoral and pelvic girdles. Functions to attach the limbs to the trunk

55
Q

What are the two important landmarks of the scapula?

A

The inferior angle (used for skinfold site location) and the acromion process (used for shoulder breadth measurement)

56
Q

The humerus articulates where?

A

Proximally with the glenoid fossa of the scapula and distally with the ulna and radius.

57
Q

What are the most easily palpable aspects of the humerus?

A

The medial and lateral epicondyles (used for elbow width measurement in estimating frame size)

58
Q

What bones are in the forearms?

A

Ulna and radius

Gibby SWE (34 decks)

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