Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Physio II *TWO* > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Hemoglobin is a_____________ buffer that binds H+ on __________________

A

Protein; histidine (imidazole) or carboxyl groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the late DT and Cd, Type A cells secrete __________ and type B cells secrete _________

A

Acid; bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two organs help maintain physiological pH?

A

Lungs and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the dissociation constant for bicarbonate buffer?

A

PKa= 6.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three buffer systems?

A

Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the intracellular buffers?

A

Amino acids, protein, phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A condition cause by the addition of excess acid or removal of base from the ECF

A

Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An elevation of pH above the normal range

A

Alkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A molecule that can release(donate) H+ ions

A

Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A pH > 7.4 is a with low levels of pCO2 is a _______________ which requires what type of compensation?

A

Respiratory alkalosis; renal compensation (decrease HCO3-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most important extracellular buffer?

A

Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What common disorders cause respiratory acidosis?

A

Alveolar hypoventilation
Fractured ribs
Bloated abdomens
Respiratory obstructive disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What three systems regulate pH in the body?

A

Buffer
Respiration
Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What buffers are important in interstitial fluid?

A

Bicarbonate, phosphate, protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type A cells have H+ ATPase and H+/K+ ATPase located __________, and an HCO3-/Cl antiporter located ________?

A

Apically; basolaterally

Type B cells are flipped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does an increase in ventilation change pH?

A

Increase ventilation -> CO2 elimination -> decrease H+ concentration -> increase pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If H+ excretion > HCO3- excretion the urine is _______

A

Acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does an intercalated cells change its morphology in response to and acid-base imbalance ?

A

Cell actively secreting protons -> increase carriers and SA on apical membrane

Fewer vesicles seen -> fused with he apical membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An pH <7.4 with elevated pCO2 is a _____________________ that requires what type of compensation?

A

Respiratory acidosis; renal compensation (increase HCO3-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Increasing altitude has what affect on physiological pH and how is it compensated?

A

Low pO2 at high altitude -> increase ventilation and exhaled CO2 -> decreased pCO2 =>respiratory alkalosis

Compensate by renal excretion of HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is HCO3- reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

PT, TAL, DT and CD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does acid-base balance alter K+ concentration?

A

H+ elimination is accompanied by K+ reabsorption

acidosis -> high H+ eliminated -> increased K+ reabsorption -> hyperkalemia

Alkalosis -> H+ reabsorbed -> K+ secreted -> hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does the phosphate buffer maintain pH?

A

HPO4 combines with H+ (base) to increase pH

Eg HCl + HPO4 -> H2PO4 + Cl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is pH?

A

Measure of the proton concentration in a solution

pH and H+ concentration is inversely related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What carriers are involved in H+ secretion in the PT, TAL, and DT? Is it located apically or basolaterally?

A

Na/H+ antiport
H+ ATPase

Apical

26
Q

A condition caused by the addition of excess base or the removal of acid from the ECF

A

Alkalosis

27
Q

An increase in PCO2 will ____________ pH

A

Decrease -> acidosis

28
Q

If the concentration of H+ increases, how does the bicarbonate buffer compensate?

A

excess H+ combines with HCO3 -> H2CO3 -> increase CO2

Excess CO2 is eliminated with he lungs

29
Q

What carriers are required for HCO3- reabsorption? And where are these carriers located?

A

HCO3/Na cotransporter
HCO3/Cl antiporter

Basolateral membrane

30
Q

A base that binds rapidly and strongly with H+ and removes it from solution

A

Strong base

31
Q

How do proteins buffer pH and where are they important?

A

Important buffers in both intracellular and extracellular compartments

Contains large number of basic amino acids that bind H+

32
Q

During acidosis, how does the kidney compensate to maintain pH?

A

High H+ concentration promotes complete reabsorption of HCO3- and the excess H+ will be eliminated in urine

33
Q

A pH <7.4 with decreased HCO3- levels is a ________________ that requires what type of compensation?

A

Metabolic acidosis; respiratory compensation (decrease CO2)

34
Q

The phosphate buffer is important (extracellularly/intracellularly)?

A

Intracellular

35
Q

How does a decrease in ventilation change pH?

A

Decrease ventilation -> CO2 accumulation in body-> increase H+ -> decrease pH

36
Q

What disorders lead to metabolic alkalosis?

A

Vomiting - loss of HCl
Torsion of abomasum- HCl trapped; reduce acid in the rest of body
Hypokalemia
Hypoparathyroidism

37
Q

A substance in the body that helps maintain physiological pH (abut 7.4)

A

Buffer

38
Q

Most acids and bases present in the ECF behave as (strong/weak) acids and bases

A

Weak

39
Q

An acid that is generated by a hydration reaction (eg carbonic acid) is called?

A

Volatile acid

H2O + CO2 -> H2CO3

40
Q

An acid that rapidly dissociates and releases high amounts of H+

A

Strong acid

41
Q

What is the anion gap?

A

Difference between unmeasured cations and unmeasured anions

[Na+] - [HCO3- + Cl-] = (range 8-16mEq/L)

42
Q

A pH >7.4 with high HCO3- levels is a __________________ that requires what kind of compensation?

A

Metabolic alkalosis; respiratory compensation (increase CO2)

43
Q

What four parameters are required for analyzing acid-base balance status?

A

.pH of blood
.pCO2
Standard bicarbonate
Base excess

44
Q

A molecule formed by the combination of one or more of the alkaline metals with a basic ion (OH-)

A

Alkali

base=alkali

45
Q

What common disorders cause respiratory alkalosis?

A

Alveolar hyperventilation during anesthesia
High altitude
Damage to respiratory centers
Emotional excitement

46
Q

An increase in HCO3- concentration will __________ pH

A

Increase -> alkalosis

47
Q

If the concentration of H+/HCO3- decreases, how does the bicarbonate buffer system compensate?

A

H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and HCO3-

CO2 and H2O hydrolysis to form H2CO3

CO2 levels decrease and respiration is decreased

48
Q

What common disorders leads to metabolic acidosis ?

A 
Renal failure
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism 
Diarrhea (eliminating HCO3)
Fistula
Mineralization of bone (requires HCO3) 
Lactate formation (acid formation) 
Satarvation 
Diabetes mellitus (acid ketone bodies) 
Increased fat mobilization 
Protein rich diet
Rumen acidosis
49
Q

What is the normal range of pH?

A

7.35- 7.45

50
Q

A depression of pH below the normal range is ________

A

Acidemia

51
Q

What buffer system is important in CSF?

A

Bicarbonate

52
Q

If unmeasured anions rise or if unmeasured cations fall what happens to the anion gap?

A

Anion gap increased

53
Q

In alkalosis, how does the kidney aid in maintaining pH?

A

Excess HCO3 cannot combine with H+ and is not reabsorbed -> excreted in the urine

54
Q

What makes bicarbonate the most important buffer system?

A

Open system -modify CO2 (lungs) or HCO3- (kidney)

Abundant

55
Q

Most H+ in the tubular lumen is excreted as?

A

Ammonia

56
Q

H+ is secreted in what parts of they kidney?

A

PT, TAL, DT, and CD

57
Q

What is the Henderson Hasselbach equation?

A

.pH=pKa+ log[base]/[acid]

.pH= pKa+ log [HCO3-]/[0.003 x pCO2]

58
Q

Acids that are generated as by products of metabolism are called ?

A

Non-volatile acids

59
Q

What are the important buffer systems in plasma?

A

Bicarbonate, protein, phosphate

60
Q

An impaired lung function can cause ____________ because of the accumulation of CO2 in the body

A

Acidosis

RUSVM Physio II *TWO* (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions