acid

Question 1

what is a brownstead-lowry acid

Answer 1

an acid that can donate a proton

Question 2

what is a brownstead-lowry base

Answer 2

a substance that can accept a proton

Question 3

what si the equation between acid ands base reactions h2so4 and hno3

Answer 3

H2SO4 +HNO3 ——–> H2NO3+ + HSO4-

Question 4

what is the value of Kw

Answer 4

1.0x10-14

Question 5

what will make a solution more acidic

Answer 5

a higher charge density that will polarise and cause more electrons to be withdrawn and therefore more H+ will dissociate = more acidic

longer alkyl group the more electrons there is to loose = more H+

Question 6

what is a conjugate acid

Answer 6

a species that gains a proton

Question 6

what is a conjugate base

Answer 6

a species that looses a proton

Question 6

what is the equation for pH

Answer 6

pH= -log10(H+)

Question 6

what is the equation for H+ if pH is known

Answer 6

H+ = 10 ^-pH

Question 6

define Kw

Answer 6

it is the resulting equilibrium constant

Question 6

equation of (H+)
using Kw and OH-

Answer 6

Kw/OH-

Question 6

which type of acids is Ka used for

Answer 6

weak

Question 7

what is the equation for Ka

Answer 7

Ka = (H+)(A-)/(HA)

Question 7

REMEMBER

Answer 7

(H+)=(A-)

Question 7

what is pKa used for

Answer 7

a scale used to determine the rekative strength of a weak acid

the higher the pKa the weaker the acid

Question 7

what is the eqaition for pKa

Answer 7

pKa = -log10Ka

Question 7

what is the pH of a strong acid weak base

Answer 7

pH<7

Question 8

define an equivalence point

Answer 8

point where pH is changing is changing most rapidly - it occurs when (H+)=(OH-)

Question 9

where must pH range be within for indicators to be effective

Answer 9

the equivalence point - at the inflection

Question 10

which pH will neutralistaion of salts occur at

Answer 10

slightly higher than norm because the salt accepts loads of OH-

Question 11

what is a buffer formed from

Answer 11

a weak acid and a salt of the weak acid

Question 12

what are assumptions made when a buffer solution is made

Answer 12

the source of salt in the weak acid acid salt comes from the added salt - this will ignore any dissociation of the weak any dissociation

• the concentration of the weak acid is the same concentration of the weak acid at equilibrium

Question 13

what does the strength of a base depend upon

Answer 13

• how readily thry can accept a proton
  – alkyl chains which release electrons in a negative inductive effect

Question 14

what is a zwitterion

Answer 14

ions that have both a permanent positive charge and a permanent negative charge

Question 15

what is an example of a zwitterion

Answer 15

amino acid