acid Flashcards
what is a brownstead-lowry acid
an acid that can donate a proton
what is a brownstead-lowry base
a substance that can accept a proton
what si the equation between acid ands base reactions h2so4 and hno3
H2SO4 +HNO3 ——–> H2NO3+ + HSO4-
what is the value of Kw
1.0x10-14
what will make a solution more acidic
a higher charge density that will polarise and cause more electrons to be withdrawn and therefore more H+ will dissociate = more acidic
longer alkyl group the more electrons there is to loose = more H+
what is a conjugate acid
a species that gains a proton
what is a conjugate base
a species that looses a proton
what is the equation for pH
pH= -log10(H+)
what is the equation for H+ if pH is known
H+ = 10 ^-pH
define Kw
it is the resulting equilibrium constant
equation of (H+)
using Kw and OH-
Kw/OH-
which type of acids is Ka used for
weak
what is the equation for Ka
Ka = (H+)(A-)/(HA)
REMEMBER
(H+)=(A-)
what is pKa used for
a scale used to determine the rekative strength of a weak acid
the higher the pKa the weaker the acid
what is the eqaition for pKa
pKa = -log10Ka
what is the pH of a strong acid weak base
pH<7
define an equivalence point
point where pH is changing is changing most rapidly - it occurs when (H+)=(OH-)
where must pH range be within for indicators to be effective
the equivalence point - at the inflection
which pH will neutralistaion of salts occur at
slightly higher than norm because the salt accepts loads of OH-
what is a buffer formed from
a weak acid and a salt of the weak acid
what are assumptions made when a buffer solution is made
the source of salt in the weak acid acid salt comes from the added salt - this will ignore any dissociation of the weak any dissociation
- the concentration of the weak acid is the same concentration of the weak acid at equilibrium
what does the strength of a base depend upon
- how readily thry can accept a proton
– alkyl chains which release electrons in a negative inductive effect
what is a zwitterion
ions that have both a permanent positive charge and a permanent negative charge
what is an example of a zwitterion
amino acid
