Abnormal Ch. 10: neurodevelopment disorders Flashcards
What are the four main neurodevelopmental disorders?
-Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
-Autism spectrum disorder
-Intellectual developmental disorder
-learning, communication and motor disorders
What do neurodevelopmental disorders lack?
precise boundaries in their clinical definitions, genetics and epidemiology
What is the average score of Intelligence tests?
90-110 (50%) of people fall between these two
What is an intelligence test?
tests designed to measure an individual’s cognitive abilities, including verbal fluency, abstract reasoning and spatial memory
How man standard deviations away from the middle is considered semi- average on the intelligence testing curve?
<1 standard deviation (low average: 86-89) (high average: (111-114)
How many standard deviations from the middle dictates atypical presentation in intelligence testing?
> 1-2 standard deviations (below: 0-85) (above: 115-160/65)
What are Carroll’s eight categories of broad intelligences?
-Fluid intelligence
-Crystallized intelligence
-general memory and learning
-visual perception
-auditory perception
-retrieval ability
-cognitive speediness
-Decision speed / processing speed
What is the difference between skills and abilities?
Abilities are born in
Skills: acquired or developed through learning
What are symptoms of specific learning disabilities?
-deficit/effect on acquisition, organization, retention, understanding or use of verbal or nonverbal info
-processing weakness
-difficulties in one or more areas of academies achievement
What can not cause SLD (specific learning disabilities)
-not resulting from visual, hearing or motor problems primarily
-not due primarily to environmental, cultural disadvantages
What do parents do that can increase IQ results
mean IQ rates of children increased steadily with the parents level of education
What are the four types of motor disorders?
-Tourette’s disorder
-persistent motor/ vocal tic disorder
-stereotypic movement disorder
What is the lifespan journey of intensity for motor disorders?
begin in childhood, increase in adolescence, decline in adulthood
How can you treat motor disorders?
habit reversal therapy
-drugs that alter the dopamine system
-
What is the criteria for Tourette’s disorder?
both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics (don’t have to occur at the same time)
What is the criteria for persistent motor or vocal tic disorder?
single motor or vocal tics, onset before 18 for at least one year
What is the criteria for stereotypic movement disorder?
repetitive, apparently purposeless motor behavior
-causing significant distress or functional impairment
What is the criteria for Developmental coordination disorder?
motor performance that is substantially below expected levels
If your tic disorder doesn’t align with any other disorder what is it called?
unspecified tic disorder
What are the three subtypes of ADHD?
-Inattentive
-Hyperactive/impulsive
-combined
What is the amount of symptoms to be diagnosed with a subtype of adhd?
-six or more symptoms but less then six symptoms of the other kind
-for combined: six or more symptoms of both
What is the definition of comorbidities?
the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions
how many defined symptoms of ADHD are there?
18 possible symptoms
In order to regulate executive functions what two catecholamine neurotransmitters are required?
-norepinephrine
-dopamine
What are the four key brain regions presumed to involved in ADHD?
frontal cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, and reticular activating system
What do 1st line treatments do?
stimulants target level of dopamine
What are 2nd line treatement?
non-stimulants target norepinephrine (second line treatment)
What are the three social/communication areas that need to show impairment for diagnosis?
-deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
-deficits in nonverbal communication
-deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships
What does deficits mean?
differences, impairments internally or externally
What are the four areas for restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior for autism diagnostic?
-stereotyped or repetitive motor movements or speech
-insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of behavior
-restricted interests
-sensory interests/aversions
What are the levels of impairment for autism diagnosing?
There are three levels that define the degree of support needed
What is savant syndrome?
Having really strong abilities/strength in one area occurs mostly in autism
What is the difference between male and female autistic people?
girls are more socially motivated
-social challenges are more internal with girls
How many autistic people also meet criteria for adhd?
80%
Is there higher gender dysphoria in autism?
yes
