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Trauma > Abdominal Trauma > Flashcards

Abdominal Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

How common is abdominal trauma in major trauma case?

A

Present in 1/5 major trauma patients

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2
Q

What percentage of serious abdominal injuries will go undetected in early stages?

A

25% or up to 50% I the person is unconscious.

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3
Q

Would you expect to see abdominal distension or changes in girth in an abdominal injury?

A

You may but these are really seen even with a massive heammorage.

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4
Q

Would you expect to see abdominal distension or changes in girth in an abdominal injury?

A

You may but these are really seen even with a massive heammorage.

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5
Q

What are the solid organs o the abdomin

A

Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, pancreas

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6
Q

What are the soft/hollow organs o the abdomin?

A

Stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus/reproductive, gall blader

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A 
Diaphragm 
anterior abdominal wall
Pelvic skeletal structures
vertebral column
muscles of the abdomen and flanks
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8
Q

What organs are present in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver, gall bladder, small onetime, ascending colon, transverse colon and right kidney

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8
Q

What organs are present in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver, gall bladder, small onetime, ascending colon, transverse colon and right kidney

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9
Q

What organs are present in the epigastric region?

A

stomach, tip o liver, tail of pancreas, small inststine, transverse colon, right and left adrenal glands, right and let kidneys, right and left ureters and spleen

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10
Q

what organs are present in the left hypochondriac region?

A

Stomach, small intestines, transverse colon, pancreas, let kidney, spleen, depending colon

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11
Q

What organs are present in the right lumbar region?

A

Liver, gall bladder, small intestine, acesding colon, tip o right kidney

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12
Q

What organs are present in the umbilical region?

A

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, transverse colon, pancreas, right and let indues, right and let ureters

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13
Q

What organs are present in the left lumbar region?

A

Small intestine, decesding colon, tip of left kidney

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14
Q

What organs are present in the right iliac region?

A

Small inestine, appendix, cecum and accesending colon

F- right ovary and right fallopian tube

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15
Q

What is present in the hypogastric region?

A

small intestine, sigmoid colon, rectum, left and right ureters, bladder

F- uterus, right and let ovaries and fallopian tubes
M- Vas diference, seminal vessile and prostate

16
Q

What is in the left iliac region?

A

Small intestine, depending colon and sigmoid colon

F- left ovary and Fallopian tube

17
Q

What organs are in the retroperitonium? What does this mean?

A

Kidneys, uterus, inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, pancreas, bladder and part of oesophagus
They are not specifically delineated by any abdominal structure. There are lined by peritoneum only on their anterior side.

18
Q

What is the definition of visceral pain?

A

Caused by the stretching of fibres in. walls/capsules of hollow/solid organs

19
Q

What nerves are invigorated causing visceral pain?

A

Afferent fibres involved in visceral pain are unmylinated C-fibers that enter the spinal chord bilaterally, resulting in dull and poorly localised pain

20
Q

What is the presentation of visceral pain?

A

Pain ranges from ache or vague discomfort to excruciating or colicky pain
can be present along the midline
May be referred
May have sweating, nausea, vomiting and tachycardia

21
Q

What is parietal pain?

A

Irritation of nerves in the parietal peritoneum usually anterior abdominal wall

22
Q

What is parietal pain aggravated by and how does it present?

A

Respiration, thoracic and abdominal movements can aggravate. And presents as Sharp and localised constant pain
Guarding, legs rain and decreased movement and localised peritonitis develops rigidity and tenderness occurs

23
Q

What are Khers sings?

A

Occurrence of acute pain at the shoulder tip due to the presence of blood or other irritant in the peritoneum irritating the diagram when the paitent is supine
Left shoulder pain is an indication of a ruptured spleen.

24
Q

What are cullers signs?

A

Bruising around the belly button

25
Q

What are grey turners sings?

A

Bruising on the flanks of the leg/hip

26
Q

What are the risk factors for intra-abdominal injury?

A

High speed collision
Pedestrian impact
hypotension <100mmHg
presence of severe chest or pelvic injury
significant injuries on opposing side of abdomen

27
Q

What is guarding?

A

Voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles

28
Q

What are the types of abdominal injuries that a person may sustain?

A

Hollow organ/solid organ injuries
Vascular injuries
Abdominal evisceration
Genitourinary

29
Q

What are the most common causes of blunt abdominal injuries and who is most affected?

A

Sporting accidents, falls and assaults that cause impact the flank and right upper quadrants

Mostly seen in young men

30
Q

What can major abdominal compression via a lap belt cause?

A

Pancreatic, duodenal or diaphragmatic ruptures.

31
Q

What would you expect to cause a spleen to rupture?
How does this bleed?
How would it present?

A

trauma to ribs 9-11 on left side
bleeds slowly due to casual around- when capsule ruptures rapid onset of shock
Present with left shoulder pain

32
Q

What often cause injury to the liver?

How does this injury usually bleed?

A

Injury to the 8-12 ribs on the right side

Bleeds slowly contained in its capital which then enters peritoneal cavity

33
Q

How is the pancreas usually injured?

What would you expect from an injured pancreas?

A

Injury due to compression onto the vertebral column often by a steering wheel

Very little haemorrhage, fluid loss of pancreatic enzymes

34
Q

What usually causes injury to the kidneys?

How does this present?

A

Direct blow to flank, back or upper abdomen
Shearing from acceleration/declaration

Presentation- heamaturia, hypovolemia and localised pain

35
Q

If there is an injury to the bowls and contamination occurs what are the symptoms?
What may happen after contamination?

A

Pain, tenderness, guarding, and rigidity

Bacterial content causes peritonitis- inflammation may tae up to 6-8 hours to develop

36
Q

If there is an abdominal evisceration what is the management?

A

Do not replace into abdomen

Cover exposed bowl with saline moistened multi trauma dressing

Cover first dressing in second dressing

37
Q

What is primary abdominal compartment syndrome?

A

A process within or involving the abdominal itself leading to intra-abdominal hypertension
- heammorage/trauma

38
Q

What is secondary abdominal compartment syndrome?

A

Intra-abdominal hypertension without direct injury- strongly related to fluid rests where infusion >3L

Trauma (31 decks)

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