Abdomen 2 Flashcards
Where do the exocrine secretion of the pancreas empty into?
duodenum by the pancreatic duct (s)
What is the function of the spleen?
- Important filter of blood cells
- significant component of immune system
Is the spleen covered in peritoneum?
Covered by peritoneum except at it hilum where splenic blood vessels enter
How did the spleen develop?
- between the two layers of the dorsal mesogastrium
2 As it grew it bulged out within the outer layer which forms its peritoneal covering - two double folds of peritoneum meet at the hilum - one in front the gastro splenic ligament and one behind the linalrenal ligament - between the 2 folds is the left hand limit of the lesser sac
Where is the splenic flexure in relation to the spleen?
In front and just below
Are the veins in front of the arteries in the renal vessels?
Yes
Where is the left renal vein?
crosses in front of aorta, just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
Where is the right renal vein?
shorter and passes steeply backwards to reach the right kidney
Where do the renal arteries arise?
just below the superior mesenteric arter
Where do the branches of renal artery and vein enter the kidney?
At the hilum
What creates the renal sinus?
At the hilum the surface of the kidneys is rolled inwards
What is the renal pelvis formed by?
convergence of a number of broad drainage channels
How may major calyces drain into the pelvis?
3 or 4 and each major calyx branches into several minor ones
How does each minor calyx end?
at a trumpet widening
What is at the end of each calyx?
solid tissue of kidney projects inwards in a mounded ridge called papilla
What does the renal penicula consist of?
outer cortex and inner medulla
What is the medulla continuous with?
papillae
What does the cortex of the suprarenal gland secrete?
Corticosteroids
What does the medulla secrete?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Where does the ureter emerge from?
hilum of kidney and runs almost straight downwards toward the pelvic brim
What is behind the ureter and what crosses across it?
- psoas major muscle
- the testicular vessels cross in front of the ureter and ovarian vessels do in the female
What are the three midline branches of the aorta?
- Celiac artery
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Inferior mesenteric artery
What does the celiac artery/trunk supply?
- Stomach
- Proximal duodenum
- Spleen
- Liver
- Most of pancreas
Where does the celiac trunk arise?
just at the top of the aortic opening between the cura of the diaphragm
What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?
- Left gastric artery which goes straight up
- Large common hepatic artery
- Large splenic artery
What is the course of the splenic artery?
- towards the spleen along the upper border of the pancreas
- The splenic artery ends by dividing into several large branches as it reaches the hilum of the spleen
What does the common hepatic artery divide into?
The common hepatic artery passes to the right and divides into hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery
What is the journey of the hepatic artery?
runs upwards and to the right to supply the liver
What does the hepatic artery run close to?
- Common bile duct
- Portal vein
What does the right gastric artery arise from?
Hepatic artery
What does the right gastric epiloic artery arise form?
Gastroduodenal artery
What happen after the gastroduodenal artery gives off the right gastro epiploic artery?
continues as the pancreatco-duodenal artery which runs downwards behind the duodenum supplying it and the head of the pancreas
Where does the stomach get most of its blood supply?
- Outer arcade
2. Inner arcade
What is the outer arcade? What is it supplied by?
- runs in the greater omentum or gastro hepatic ligament close to the greater curve
- supplied by the right gastro diploic and the left gastro diploic which is a branch of the splenic - often the right and left vessels join to form a continuous loop
What is the inner arcade? What is it supplied by?
- runs in the lesser omentum near the lesser curve
- supplied on both ends by the right gastric and left gastric arteries
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
- Distal duodenum
- The jeinouleum
- The ascending colon
- Part of transverse colon
Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise?
from aorta just below the celiac trunk
What is near the superior mesenteric artery?
- splenic vein in front of it
- left renal vein behind it
What do the branches of superior mesenteric artery go?
Pancreas nad duodenum
Where does the superior mesenteric artery emerge from?
- Beneath neck of pancreas along with superior mesenteric vein
- Passes in front of uncinate process of pancreas and in front of third part of duodenum
What are some of the branches the superior mesenteric artery gives off as it passes down?
- Some enter the mesentery
- Two run down and to the right in the retoperitenum
- One passes upwards and enters transverse mesocolon.
Where does the ileocolic artery go?
towards the cecum
Where do the right and middle colic artery go?
ascending colon and transverse colon respectively
What happens to the superior mesenteric branches as they approach the intestine?
rejoin to form a set of vascular arcades that run close to the intestine along its length
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
The distal colon
Rectum
What is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Origin from aorta is below the pancreas and duodenum at the level of L3
What does left colic artery supply? (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)
supplies descending colon and distal part of transverse colon and helps form an arcade in the transverse mesocolon
What does sigmoid branches supply? (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)
sigmoid colon
What does superior rectal artery supply? (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)
-branch runs down into the pelvis to supply the upper part of the rectum
What are the lower parts of the rectum supplied by?
branches of the internal iliac artery
What is the portal vein formed from?
Superior mesenteric vein (s), inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
Where does the portal vein journey?
- Runs up and to the right to the liver
- Portal veins runs behind first part of duodenum
What does the portal vein run up towards liver within?
hepatoduoneal ligament which is the lower part of the lesser omentum
What is close to the portal vein?
- hepatic artery
- common bile duct
