Abdomen 1

Question 1

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (abdominal viscera)

Question 2

What is the role of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

1. Support the viscera

2. Providespathwaysfor blood vessels and lymph to travel to and from the viscera

Question 3

What are the two layers of the peritoneum that are continuous with each other?

Answer 3

1. parietal

2. visceral

Question 4

What are both the parietal and visceral layers made of?

Answer 4

mesothelium (simple squamous epithelial cells)

Question 5

What does the parietal perineum line?

Answer 5

internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall

Question 6

What is the parietal perineum derived from?

Answer 6

somatic mesodermin the embryo

Question 7

Why is pain from the parietal peritoneum well localised?

Answer 7

receives the samesomaticnerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines

Question 8

What is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

Answer 8

1. pressure
2. pain
3. laceration
4. temperature

Question 9

Where is the visceral peritoneum derived from?

Answer 9

splanchnic mesodermin the embryo

Question 10

Why is pain from the visceral peritoneum poorly localised?

Answer 10

has the sameautonomicnerve supply as the viscera it covers

Question 11

What is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

Answer 11

• stretch

- chemical irritation

Question 12

How is pain from the visceral peritoneum referred to?

Answer 12

dermatomes

Question 13

What are dermatomes supplied by?

Answer 13

same sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments as the nerve fibres innervating the viscera

Question 14

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 14

potential spacebetween the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 15

What does the peritoneal cavity contain?

Answer 15

a small amount of lubricating fluid

Question 16

When can you get damage to the peritoneum?

Answer 16

infection, surgery or injury

Question 17

What could the formation of fibrous scar tissue result in?

Answer 17

abnormal attachmentsbetween the visceral peritoneum of adjacent organs or between visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 18

What would adhesions result in?

Answer 18

pain and complications such asvolvulus, when the intestine becomes twisted around an adhesion resulting in a bowel obstruction

Question 19

What are intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 19

• enveloped by visceral peritoneum

- covers the organ both anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 20

What are examples of intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 20

1. stomach
2. liver
3. spleen

Question 21

What are retroperitoneal organs covered in?

Answer 21

1. not associated with visceral peritoneum
2. only covered in parietal peritoneum
3. that peritoneum only covers theiranterior surface

Question 22

What are primary retroperitenial organs?

Answer 22

developed and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum

Question 23

What are examples of retroperitenial organs?

Answer 23

1. esophagus
2. rectum
3. kidneys

Question 24

What were secondary retroperitoneal organs initially?

Answer 24

initially intraperitoneal suspended by mesentery

Question 25

What happens to the secondary retroperitoneal organs through the course of embryogenesis?

Answer 25

- retroperitoneal as their mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall - So in adults only anterior surface covered with peritoneum

Question 26

What are examples of secondary retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 26

ascending and descending colon

Question 27

What is the mesentery?

Answer 27

double layer of visceral peritoneum

Question 28

What does the mesentery connect?

Answer 28

intraperitoneal organ to (usually) the posterior abdominal wall

Question 29

What does the mesentery provide?

Answer 29

pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera

Question 30

What are omenta?

Answer 30

sheets of visceral peritoneum that extend from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs

Question 31

What does the greater omentum consist of?

Answer 31

four layers of visceral peritoneum

Question 32

What is the journey of the greater omentum?

Answer 32

1. descends from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum 2. then folds back up and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon.

Question 33

What is the role of the greater omentum?

Answer 33

- immunity | - can migrate to infected viscera or to the site of surgical disturbance

Question 34

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 34

double layer of visceral peritoneum

Question 35

What does the lesser omentum attach?

Answer 35

from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

Question 36

What does the lesser omentum consist of?

Answer 36

1. hepatogastric ligament (the flat, broad sheet) | 2. hepatoduodenal ligament (the free edge, containing the portal triad).

Question 37

What is the peritoneal ligament?

Answer 37

double fold of peritoneum that connects viscera together or connects viscera to the abdominal wall

Question 38

What is an example of peritoneal ligament?

Answer 38

hepatogastric ligament - a portion of the lesser omentum, which connects the liver to the stomach