ABA Lesson 5&6 Flashcards
Les 5 Objective vs Subjective
Objective = Observable + Measurable
Subjective = Emotional + Judgmental
Continuous vs Discontinuous Data Collection
Continuous - Captures every possible behavioral occurrence by recording either every instance of behavior or the actual duration of each instance of behavior.
Discontinuous - Captures a sample of behavior during an observation by recording whether the behavior is occurring at designated points in time.
Continuous vs Discontinuous numbers
Continuous - Numbers that occur in a range; used for collecting data on behaviors with unclear stop and start points.
Discrete - Whole numbers used for measuring behaviors that have an easily discernible stop and start.
Social Validity
The degree to which treatment goals and procedures are acceptable and meaningful to recipients and their communities of support.
Dead Man’s Test
If a dead man can do it, it is not behavior.
(Les 6) Basic principle of 3-term contingency
Reinforcers vs Punishers
Reinforcers [are consequences that] increase the future frequency of the behaviors that precede them.
Punishers decrease the future frequency of behaviors that precede them.
Reinforcer/Punisher types
Automatic reinforcement
Behavior is maintained by sensory mechanisms, independent of the social environment.
What are the 8 categories of reinforcement?
GOT VAST:
1) Gustatory;
2) Olfactory;
3) Tactile (how things feel on skin);
4) Vestibular (sense of balance, move)
5) Visual
6) Auditory
7) Social and
8) Thermal
Pairing?
Presenting a stimulus with a highly reinforcing stimulus or highly punishing stimulus in order to condition it to have the same reinforcing or punishing properties. The term is often used to refer to pairing people with preferred items or activities in order to establish the person as a reinforcer.
Reasons the Consequence is not controlling the behavior
Positive reinforcement?
A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior occurring in similar circumstances.
Negative Reinforcement
A behavior is followed immediately by the removal, termination, reduction or postponement of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar circumstances.
- when you think about negative reinforcement examples, think of things that are going wrong in your life, and you want them to stop
e.g. the annoying sound that your car makes until you fasten your seatbelt and the annoying sound stops.
Negative reinforcement vs punishment
There is nothing unpleasant about negative reinforcement.
Schedule of reinforcement
The response required that must be met to obtain reinforcement
Fixed schedules of reinforcement
Fixed Interval - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a 5 minute break for every 30 minutes of on-task behavior.
Fixed Ratio - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a 5 minute break every time she completes 5 academic tasks.
Fixed Time - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a 5 minute break every hour.
Continuous reinforcement schedule
A schedule in which every instance of the targeted behavior is reinforced;
- a special form of a fixed reinforcement schedule called a continuous reinforcement schedule; also called FR 1
e.g. if you think about a person who is very fearful of heights and they begin to climb a staircase, in the beginning, the therapist who was working with them will walk side by side with them and deliver comforting, encouraging words with every step.
satiation
A decrease in motivating operations resulting from over-exposure to the reinforcer.
- decrease in motivation for a reinforcer based on the schedule
- you have to wait until time elapses and the person is motivated to seek the reinforcer again.
Variable Schedules of Reinforcement
Variable Interval - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a five minute break for an average of 30 minutes of on-task behavior.
Variable Ratio - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a five minute break when she completes an average of five academic tasks.
Variable Time - Ruth’s behavior plan instructs staff to give her a break approximately every hour.
the time reinforcement schedule
has no behavioral contingency involved
simply delivering the reinforcement on a schedule, which can be a variable schedule or a fixed schedule to unpair the delivery of the reinforcement with the behavior.
e.g. About once every hour, we would ask the teacher to put her on a non contingent attention schedule and to just go over and give her individual attention about every 45 minutes to stop Angela from screaming.
