ABA Lesson 3&4 Flashcards
Functionings? Definition? Age range it occurs.
Developmental Disability?
It’s an umbrella term for a variety of different disabilities that have certain characteristics in common.
Developmental disability has 3 functioning (components):
1) Begin in childhood - not necessarily inborn; maybe caused by genetics, birth defects, illness, or injury; can occur anytime during the developmental period.
2) Affect functioning - physical; learning; language; behavior.
3) Lifelong - there can be some level of need throughout the life span.
Developmental disabilities are those that appear before 22 years of age.
Most people with developmental disabilities have the same support needs.
Levels of autism? Co-occuring disorders? Similar disorder? Author?
Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder that affects social communication and behavior (restricted, repititive behaviors)
There are 3 levels diagnosed:
Level 1 - Requiring support
Level 2 - Requiring substantial support
Level 3 - Requiring very substantial support
Common co-occuring disorders: seizure, speech language disorders, ADHD, Intellectual Disability, Anxiety Disorders
People with Autism Spectrum Disorder often have high rates of anxiety.
In order for a communication difference to be relevant to an Autism diagnosis, it must be social in nature.
Temple Grandin - author with autism
A disorder similar to Autism Spectrum Disorder but without the related behavioral symptoms - Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder.
Intellectual disability?
Intellectual disability must be manifested in childhood before age 18 and the person must have deficits in IQ and adaptive behavior. Normally it measured by IQ tests (below 70-85)
Three components of adaptive behavior are conceptual, practical, and social skills.
What are the types of ADHD? What age diagnosed? Symptoms of each?
ADHD
[ADHD - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.]
ADHD has 3 types: Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined type.
ADHD can only be diagnosed if symptoms emerge before adolescence (age 12).
Inattention symptoms include three types of symptoms: task incompletion, disorganization, and verbal inattention.
Common symptom of hyperactivity: fidgeting excessively, interrupting others’ conversations.
Severity of ADHD is rated based on impact on life functioning.
- ADHD cannot be diagnosed if the person has mood or anxiety disorders.
Three professional organizations interested in behavior analysis are:
ABAI (Association for Behavior Analysis International) - facilitates research and networking in special interest areas, connects researchers and practitioners internationally.
APBA (Association of Professional Behavior Analysts) - less focused on research and more focused on the practical side of being a behavior analysis professional.
BACB (Behavior Analyst Certification Board) - enforces ethical practice and ensures continuing education
The processes involved in learning something well are
Acquisition, Fluency, Maintenance, Discrimination & Generalization
Acquisition and fluency
Acquisition goal is to increase accuracy to a specified level.
Fluency - once the skill has been learned, we move toward making it an automatic response.
Acquisition and Fluency - Repeated presentation of a single stimulus with a single response occurs during this phase of skill building.
Overlearning is a concept related to Fluency.
Maintenance
We’re going to make sure that the skill we are measuring is still acquired and the skill is still fluent. And we are going to determine that by presenting the skill not in isolation, but intermixed with other skills.
Skills learned to desired level of fluency are revisited at spaced intervals to insure they remain intact.
During maintenance training, we seek to determine how well the learner can perform the skill when distracted.
Discrimination & Generalization
Discrimination example
When you think about greetings, for example, if we train folks to always smile and approach, say Hello and offer to shake the hands of a person they haven’t seen before that day, that seems pretty reasonable,until you think about what’s going to happen when we take them to a restaurant and they want to go to every table, smile, shake hands and say hello to every person there. So discrimination training is going to be helpful in teaching them when to do that and when not to do that.
Generalization example
Mary is an RBT who has been taught to feed her client, John, who has swallowing problems. She now wonders if she could provide the same service to other people who have similar swallowing problems. She is wondering if her skillset generalizes between clients.
What are the types of stakeholders?
There are 2 types of stakeholders direct and indirect.
1) The direct stakeholder as the person that we are sitting in the room with providing the service to you and the direct client. Generally speaking, is the one who gets to provide consent to services. However, many of the people that we are going to be serving have disabilities or under age and are not legally able to provide consent. Still, that person has the right to provide what we call informed assent, which means that they have the right to say no.
2) The indirect stakeholder is everyone else together in a staff. with the indirect staff members, you don’t have a subservient role to them. You’re probably fairly equal, but it’s necessary yield to them.
