Ab psych 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What gender dysphoria? broad
A
a state of generalized unhappiness, restlessness, dissatisfaction, or frustration with their gender
2
Q
What is gender assignment?
A
Natal gender - what were you born as
3
Q
What is gender identity?
A
psychological sense of self - what do you feel most aligned with
4
Q
Whats gender dysphoria? specific
A
individual experiences significant personal distress or impaired functioning as a result of a discrepancy between their anatomic sex and gender identity.
5
Q
gender identity/assignment + ______ = gender dysphoria
A
distress
6
Q
When does gender dysphoria start
A
early childhood - adolescent, adult life maybe but that just means emotions were repressed
7
Q
whose more likely to cross dress as a child?
A
boys
8
Q
What happens during puberty for children suffering from gender dysphoria
A
they feel out of place and try to hide themselves
9
Q
who reports on gender dysphoria more?
A
Boys - usually identified by parents who bring their children in
10
Q
What is transgender identity?
A
gender identity has the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other
11
Q
true or false: sexual identity and appearance are psychological
A
true
12
Q
Is cross dressing commorbid with gender dysphoria
A
yes and no - sometimes its to make the person more comfortable the other is for erotic feelings
13
Q
before going to gender surgery what suggestions are there?
A
Counselling
14
Q
From gender surgery/hormones which one is reversible?
A
hormones
15
Q
what is the rate of suicide in trans vs general public
A
higher rates then general pop
16
Q
what is psychotherapy for gender dysphoria?
A
they are there to make the best decision for themselves - cbt but very individualized
17
Q
what is paraphilic disorder?
A
Recurrent sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving
(objects, clothings, children, hurting or embarassing themselves or partner)
18
Q
paraphillic disorder contact vs non contact?
A
contact - physical body contact, non contact: stalking, photos sending videos of children
19
Q
what is a Exhibitionistic Disorder?
A
recurrent, powerful urges to expose one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger to surprise, shock, or sexually arouse the victim
20
Q
What disorder describes: The ‘shock’ from the victim can be the most arousing part of the behaviour.
A
Exhibitionistic Disorder
21
Q
what is Fetishistic disorder?
A
Recurrent, powerful sexual urges and arousing fantasies involving body parts or inanimate objects
22
Q
what is Transvestic disorder?
A
Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving cross-dressing for purposes of sexual arousal
23
Q
what is Voyeuristic disorder?
A
watching unsuspecting people, generally strangers, who are undressed, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity
24
Q
what is Frotteuristic disorder?
A
bumping and rubbing against nonconsenting victims for sexual gratification
25
what is Pedophilic Disorder?
16 years of age and at least 5 years older than the child or children toward whom they are sexually attracted or whom they have victimized
Diagnostic indicator is the extensive use of child pornography
26
who are the offendors of a paraphilic disorder?
law-abiding, respected male citizens in their 30s or 40s
27
neurodevelopment deficits + sexual abuse =
Pedophilia
28
what are the Effects of Child Sexual Abuse?
psych prob, eating disorders, premature sex behaviour, drug abuse, suicide and PTSD
29
what is Sexual masochism disorder?
Recurrent urges and fantasies relating to sexual acts that involve being humiliated, bound, flogged, or made to suffer in other ways
30
what is Hypoxyphilia?
person seeks sexual gratification by being deprived of oxygen by means of using a noose, plastic bag, chemical, or pressure on the chest
31
who does death visit during hypoxyphillia
single male aged 15 to 29 years who performed the act repetitively and when alone
32
what is Sexual sadism disorder?
inflicting humiliation or physical pain on sex partners (non consentfully)
33
What is Sadomasochism?
sexual activities between consenting partners involving the attainment of gratification by means of inflicting and receiving pain and humiliation
34
what is Telephone Scatologia?
obscene phone calls
35
what is Necrophilia
sexual contact with corpses
36
what is Zoophilia
sexual contact with animals
37
what is Coprophilia?
sexual urges or fantasies involving feces
38
what do psychoanalysts think about paraphilic disorder?
repeating or reverting to a sexual habit that arose early in life
39
what do behaviourists think about paraphilic disorder?
paraphilias begin through a process of conditioning: Nonsexual objects can become sexually arousing if they are repeatedly associated with pleasurable sexual activity
40
what are the levels of paraphilic disorders?
Level 1: non-consensual physical contact for sexual purpose
Level 2: assault with a weapon
Level 3: aggravated; physical harm and/or threat of death
41
The woman is acquainted with the assailant in ____% of sexual assault cases
80%
42
Antisocial theme for sexual assault
A theme to dominate women or express hatred toward them may be more prominent motives for sexual assault than is sexual desire
43
Paraphilia theme for sexual assault
Sometimes the violence or stalking behavior in itself is sexually arousing (not necessarily the sex). Sometimes sexual pleasure can only happen when the victim is humiliated.
44
what is the psychological theme for sexual assault?
Sometimes there are significant emotional difficulties. Over identification with children. Social isolation. ‘Clingy’ behavior and awkward social skills
45
what is the psychological theme for sexual assault?
Promiscuous behavior at parties, clubs, bars. Date rape drug. Hazing rituals. Devant family practices. All these can set the social culture where a sexual assault is ‘normalized’.
46
what is Sexual dysfunctions
problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response.
47
3 types of sexual dysfunction
Disorders involving problems with sexual interest or arousal
Disorders involving problems with orgasmic response
Problems involving pain during sexual intercourse or penetration (in women)
48
what are Sexual Interest / Arousal Disorders?
Male erectile disorder, Male hypoactive, Female sexual interest
49
What is scizophrenia?
chronic disorder, acute episodes of breaks from reality, Delusions hallucinations, incoherent speech and bizarre behaviour
50
Who is Emil Kraeplin and what was he known for?
Kraepelin tied dementia praecox to organic changes in the brain
51
What are the 3 types of schizophrenia?
Catatonia, hebephrenia and paranoia
52
What is catatonia?
Motor activities are disrupted
a fixed or rigid posture, odd gestures and bizarre facial expressions
53
What is Heberphrenia?
Inappropriate emotional reactions and behaviour
54
What is paranoia?
Delusions of grandeur and of persecution
55
What are the 4 A's of Schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler?
Blunted affect, associations, ambivalence and autism
56
What is the Blunted affect?
Diminished emotional response to stimuli
57
What did Kurt Schneider think about hallucinations and delusions?
Schneider rated both as first rank symptoms of schizophrenia
58
What is the first order of schizophrenia?
delusion perception, passitivity and third person (external) auditory hallucinations
59
What is the second order from schneiders ranking order?
Delusions of reference, paranoid delusions and second-person auditory hallucination
60
What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?
1% of the adult Canadian population, Fifth leading cause of disability worldwide and 79% are unemployed
61
Whats the % of schizophrenic ppl who have used substances
80%
62
What % of people with schizophrenia attempt suicide?
40-60%
63
What are the stigmas of scizophrenia?
theres a stigma surrounding violence in individuals with schiz which therefore interferes with housing, work and treatment
64
When does Schiz develop?
Late teens or early 20's
65
What are the 3 stages of Schizophrenia?
Prodomal, Acute and residual
66
What is the prodomal stage of schizophrenia?
They experience their first acute psychotic episode and then theres a period of decline
67
What happens in the acute stage of schizo?
development of hallucinations, delusions and disorganized speech/behaviour
68
What happens in the Residual Phase?
The residual phase happens after the acute phase. Its characterized by a return of functioning similar. ( the only difference between prodomal and residual is the ORDER)
69
What are the main feature delusions of schizo?
Persecution (someones out to get you), grandeur (HIGH sense of self), reference (abilities and powers) and delusions of being controlled
70
A major feature of Schiz is disorganized speech, which shows itself as a thought disorder but what is that?
breakdown in the organization, processing, and control of thoughts
Speech pattern is often disorganized or jumbled and may jump from one topic to another
71
What is thought broadcasting
others can hear or interpret your thoughts
72
What is circumstantial speech?
Rambling to get around telling the point
73
What is Neologism
Creation of new words
74
What is rumination?
persistant Repetition of thoughts
75
What is clanging?
String words together that rhyme
76
What is blocking?
Involuntary interuption of speech and thought
77
What is the most common type of hallucination in schiz?
Visual/Auditory
78
What are the biological causes of schizo?
Excess level of dopamine, receptors and their activity
79
What are the neg (decrease from normal) affects of schizo?
social-skills deficits
flattened affect
decrease of speech and thought
psychomotor retardation
failure to experience pleasure
80
What are the positive (added) symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder
81
What is the psychodynamic perspective regarding schizophrenia?
Overwhelming of the ego by primitive sexual or aggressive drives or impulses arising from the id
82
What are the learning perspectives for schizophrenia?
Behaviour results from a lack of social reinforcement, this leads to less social engagment and therefore theres an increased attention to a fantasy life
83
What are the bio perspectives for schizo?
Genetics, dopamine and viral infections
84
whats the The Dopamine Hypothesis of schizophrenia?
hyperactivity of dopamine receptor in subcortical/limbic brain regions
85
What does the diathesis stress model look like in schizo?
look at slide 35
86
What are the family theories behind schizophrenia?
Double bind theory: children who frequently receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to develop schizophrenia.
87
What is Tardive Dyskinesia in schizo?
Side effect from antipsychotic drug that causes involuntary movements
88
What type of meds for schizo?
Antipsychotic
89
What is the % of older adults over the age of 65 w mental illness?
10-20%
90
What % of canadian children will develop a mental disorder?
10-20%
91
What are the 4 most common categories of behaviour disorders?
Anxiety, conduct, ADHD, Depressive disorder
92
What % of high school students report moderate anxiety/depressive symptoms?
34%
93
When do Neurodevelopmental disorders begin?
Developmental period
94
What is ASD (neurodevelopmental disorder) characterized by?
chronic and lifelong, deficits in the ability to relate/communicate and by restricted range of activities
95
When does ASD become evident?
between 12-18 months
96
What gender is asd more common in?
Boys by 4x!
97
How is ASD rated?
severe, moderate and mild
98
What are the behavioural deficits of ASD?
communication, fixated interests, difficulties with transitions and sensory issues
99
What is rough and tough play?
friendly chasing and play fighting
100
What is the cognitive behavioural perspective behind ASD?
Perceptual deficit that allows processing of only one stimulus at a time
101
What are the cognitive theories behind ASD?
Both perceptual and cognitive deficits diminish the ability understand social rules
102
What is the theory of mind hypothesis?
the ability to attribute a mental state to oneself and others
103
In other words, Theory of mind is thinking about _____
thought
104
What is 3 criteria needed for intellectual disability?
1. Deficit in intellectual functioning, 2. evidence of impaired functioning in adaptive, 3. onset of the disorder in developmental period
105
what are the ratings of developmental delay
mild, moderate, severe and profound
106
What are the biological causes of intellectual disability
chromosome and genetic disorders, Infectious diseases, brain damage
107
What is down syndrome?
extra chromosome, intellectual disability and physical abnormalities
108
What are the features of down syndrome
round face. broad flat nose and small corners of eyes
109
What is fragile x syndrome
Caused by mutated gene on the X sex chromosome
Mild to profound learning disabilities
110
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
prevents the metabolization of phenylpyruvic acid
Causes damage to the central nervous system
Intellectual disability
Emotional disturbance
111
What is Tay-Sachs Disease?
Recessive gene on chromosome 15, disease of lipid metabolism
112
What are the prenatal factors from intellectual disability?
Maternal infections
Rubella (German Measles)
C M V (Cytomegalovirus)
Substance abuse during pregnancy (FAS)
113
What is a Teratogen?
A teratogen is a substance, agent, or process that can cause birth defects or increase the risk of a baby being born with a birth defect:
114
What is the familial cause of intellectual disability?
Lack toys, books, or opportunities to interact with adults in intellectually stimulating ways
115
What are the behavioural approach to intellectual disability?
verbal instruction, physical guidance and reward, social skills training
116
What is a specific learning disability?
Impairs school performance or daily activities(can be high or low grades) (math, reading, written expression)
117
What is dyslexia?
Children read slowly, distort, omit, or substitute words when reading aloud
118
what is an Individual Education Plan?
Document w learning, behaviour description of outcome achievments and evaluation
119
what is the Impairment in Written Expression called?
Dysgraphia, Difficulty in composing sentences and paragraphs
120
Key features of ADHD?
Characterized by excessive motor activity, impulsivity, and/or an inability to focus one’s attention
121
What are the biological perspectives of ADHD?
regulating the processes of attention, inhibition of motor behavior, and executive control
122
What is a conduct disorder?
CHILD Intentional patterns of antisocial behaviour that violate social norms and the rights of others
(before age 10)
123
What is the treatment for adhd?
Stimulants, CBT, Self talk
124
what are the 4 categories of conduct disorder?
aggression to people and animals
destruction of property
deceitfulness or theft
serious violation of rules
125
What is ODD
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
Characterized by excessive oppositionality or tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others. (must be sustained for 6m)
126
What do learning theorists think of ODD
due to inappropriate reinforcement (“giving in”). Associated with Permissive Parenting and neglectful parenting Styles.
127
What is the treatment for ODD
parent training and CBT
128
Are Neurocognitive disorders psychologically based?
No the Brain is either damaged or impaired
129
What is delirium?
State of extreme mental confusion
130
what is delirium from?
result of abrupt withdrawal from psychoactive drugs ie alcohol (younger patients)
131
what is treatment for delirium
medication neuroleptics
132
what age is late onset dementia and early onset
late: after 65 early: 65 or earlier
133
how many disorders are known to cause dementia?
50
134
What is alzheimers?
Degenerative brain disease that leads to progressive, irreversible dementia
135
What is neuropathy?
Depletion of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach), contributes significantly to memory deficits
Inflammation of the brain is common
136
What is the diagnosis of alzheimers dementia?
memory test, MRI and PET scans
137
What does advanced AD look like
Severe decline in cognitive functions
Lose ability to speak or control body movement
Require assistance in toileting and feeding
Unable to communicate, walk, or sit up
Seizures, coma, and death
138
what is the treatment for AD
Modest benefits from drugs
Donepezil (Aricept) increases levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Antipsychotics for agitation and aggression
139
