Ab Psych 2 Flashcards
Midterm 2
1
Q
types of dissociative disorders?
A
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Dissociative Amnesia (Dissociative Fugue)
Depersonalization/Derealization
Unspecified Dissociative Disorder
2
Q
what is a Dissociative Disorder?
A
Dissociative disorders represent a disruption of normal integration of memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control and behaviour.
3
Q
what is a Dissociative identity Disorder?
A
a person has two or more distinct or alternate personalities
Sometimes referred to as split personality
4
Q
What feeling is best attributed with someone with a DID diagnosis?
A
third person reality, where they are watching their own actions
5
Q
Are schizophrenia and DID related
A
no
6
Q
Is DID genetically passed?
A
studies dont report alot of findings its mainly from sexual abuse cases
7
Q
How is DID brought about?
A
significant and persuasive traumatic experiences from childhood
8
Q
Who is Kenneth Bianchi?
A
He is the so-called Hillside strangler, who kidnapped and assaulted young women but he used the tactic of malingering
9
Q
what is malingering?
A
Faking illness to avoid or escape work or other duties or to obtain benefits
10
Q
Is an individual with DID likely to have a comorbid disorder if so what?
A
yes and PTSD, depressive disorders
11
Q
What is Dissociative Amnesia?
A
inability to remember personal info
12
Q
dependanble memory vs remote memory
A
remote memory is forgetting an event that happened to you significant or traumatic. Dependable memory forgetting what happened today or how to drive
13
Q
How do ppl typically find out they have Dissociative Amnesia?
A
Evidence of actions. forgetting what happened today. Forgetting how to drive, use the computer, or where to find your home.
14
Q
a person who has Dissociative amnesia is telling you about a memory how does it go?
A
normal integration of memories is very disrupted
15
Q
Whats an example of dissociative amnesia?
A
finding furniture in your house and not knowing where it came from
16
Q
what is Dissociative Fugue?
A
Sometimes many weeks or months may exist in the memory gap and autobiographical memories
17
Q
whats the typical reason some one uses the malingering tactic?
A
a way of escaping responsibility
18
Q
whats the difference between malingering vs factitious?
A
Malingering is Motivation is for secondary gains.
Factitious. Motivation is less clear. Some enjoy the attention of talking to a specialist, making up good stories,
19
Q
What is depersonalization?
A
Feelings of detachment from one’s self/body, or observing oneself from outside
20
Q
can people with depersonalization distinguish reality from unreality
A
yes lol
21
Q
What do derealization episodes look like?
A
ones surroundings become strange, colours can seem washed out, very bright time seems slowed or sped up
22
Q
What is dissociative disorder from a psychodynamic perspective?
A
Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders involve the massive use of repression
23
Q
ego….
What is dissociative disorder from a theoretical Freud perspective?
A
Ego protects itself from anxiety by blotting out disturbing memories
or by
dissociating threatening impulses of a sexual or aggressive nature
24
Q
What is dissociative disorder from a learning or cognitive standpoint?
A
Not thinking about these matters is negatively reinforced by relief from anxiety
25
what does the Diathesis-stress model have to say about dissociative disorders?
individuals may be predisposed to develop dissociative disorders when exposed to severe stress caused by events such as traumatic abuse
26
what would Cognitive Behaviour Theorists do for dissociative disorders?
uncovering maladaptive cognitions
27
what does the Psychoanalysis perspective have to say about Dissociative disorders?
uncovering early childhood traumas
28
what is the recovered memory movement?
The recovered memory movement is about false memories. It was a movement that courts used by producing fake memories to see if people would say yes I remember that or no I Do not.
29
what is the skepticism reasoning for DID?
Has not been well researched. Cases are very rare which makes research difficult.
30
what is Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders?
people complain of physical (somatic) problems although no physical abnormality can be found
31
what is conversion disorder?
Functional neurological symptom disorder
symptoms affect the ability to control voluntary movements
Impaired sensory functions and that are inconsistent with known medical conditions or disease
32
what are some common symptoms with conversion disorder?
paralysis, epilepsy, problems in coordination, blindness and tunnel vision, loss of hearing or smell, or loss of feeling in a limb
33
what is the medical term La Belle Indifférence “beautiful ignorance
describing the lack of concern over one’s symptoms
34
what is illness anxiety disorder?
Characterized by a fear that one has a serious medical illness, but no medical basis for the complaints can be found.
35
what are actions that someone does if they have illness anxiety disorder?
constant checking of the body, urine and feces
36
what is Care-avoidant subtype?
postpone or avoid medical visits or lab tests because of high levels of anxiety about what might be discovered
37
what is a good example of Care-avoidant subtype?
cancer patients
38
what is Care-seeking subtype?
people who go jumping from doctor to doctor in the hope of finding the medical professional to confirm their fears
39
how is somatic disorders related to psychotic disorders?
the somatic complaints are the features of the psychosis
40
what is a Somatic Symptom Disorder?
one or more somatic (physical) symptoms that cause excessive concern
41
what is Munchausen by proxy syndrome (MBPS)
when someone tries to get attention and sympathy by falsifying, inducing, and/or exaggerating an illness
42
how is depression related to somatic disorders?
sometimes Depression is associated with somatic complaints.
normal aches/pains are exaggerated and create some disability when the depression is present.
43
what are the 2 types of Factitious Disorder:
Factitious Disorder on self and Factitious Disorder imposed on another
44
what % of people have tried marijuana at some point in their lives?
45%
45
what is polydrug use?
compumption of multiple substances
46
why has tobacco usage declined over the years?
campaigns
47
what is substance use disorders?
patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psycho active substance
48
what is a substance induced disorders?
disorder induced by the use of psychoactive substances
49
What does psychoactive mean?
a chemical substance that has changed brain function
50
What is intoxication?
psych or behaviour has changed due to taking substance
51
what are some classic signs of intoxication?
confusion, belligerance, inattention and impaired spatial skills
52
what is withdrawal symptoms?
cluster of withdrawal symptoms following the sudden reduction of psychoactive substance after dependence has developed
53
what are some symptoms of Chronic alcoholism withdrawal?
Tachycardia (blood go fast)
Delirium tremens (neurons arent firing)
Delirium
Disorientation
54
what is tolerance described as?
a state of physical habituation to a drug such that with frequent use, higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect
55
what is addiction characterized by?
neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward,
56
what is the differnece between physiological and psychological dependance?
physiological: State of physical dependence to a drug where the user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply
psychological: Reliance on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependent
57
abused drugs: what does a depressant do?
lowers the level of activity of the central nervous system, lower tension, anxiety movements become sluggish.
58
abused drugs: what is a alcohol?
bevy that contains depressant ethyl effects are similar to benzodiazepines (tranquilizer)
59
what are the 4 Risk Factors for Alcoholism?
age, personality disorder, family history, sociodemographic factors
60
what is a barbiturate?
depressant drugs that is used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep (very addictive)
61
what is a sedative?
Depressant drugs that reduce states of tension, restlessness and induce sleep
62
what are the symptoms of taking a barbiturate?
drowsiness, slurred speech, motor impairment, irritability, and poor judgment
63
Mixture of barbiturates and alcohol is ________ times as powerful as either drug used by itself
4
64
What is an Opiate?
addictive depressant drugs derived from the opium poppy
65
what are some examples of common opiates?
morphine, heroin, codeine
66
what type of symptoms do you experience from using opiates?
euphoria and relief from pain
67
what is a narcotic?
type of opiate thats used for pain and treatment of insomnia
68
what is Analgesia?
medical opiate used to not feel pain
69
what do opiates do in terms of sensation?
rush or intense feelings of pleasure
70
what is an endorphin?
neurotransmitters in the brain react similar to the effects of morphine
71
what is an amphetamine?
Type of synthetic stimulants that produces a rush
72
what are some example names of amphetamines?
Benzedrine, Dexedrine, meth
73
what are the high dose symptoms of amphetamine?
high doses cause restlessness, hallucinations, loss of appetite, and insomnia
74
what are the withdrawal symptoms of amphetamine?
depression and fatigue, decrease in motor behaviour and agitation
75
what is Amphetamine psychosis?
a psychotic state that mimics episodes of schizophrenia
76
what is cocaine?
an upper that gives a euphoric rush, u sniff it lols
77
what is crack?
smokable form of cocaine
wears off in a few minutes
78
what is freebasing?
Freebasing alters the cocaine structure in a way that intensifies the effects - this is smoked
79
what are the physiological symptoms of cocaine?
more dopamine, rise in blood pressure and accelerates heart rate
80
what is an overdose like on cocaine?
insomnia, headaches, nausea, convulsions, tremors, hallucinations, and respitory/cardiovascular collapse
81
what type of drug is nicotine and how many ppl die a year?
8 million ppl and its a stimulant
82
what are the effects of nicotine?
increases alertness, stimulates epinephrine
83
whats ephinephrine?
a hormone that generates rapid heartbeat and release of stores of sugar into the blood
84
is smoking associated with low socioeconomic status?
yes girl
85
what is a hallucinogen?
alterations in colour perception and hearing, sensory distortion and hallucintion
86
what does LSD do?
parade of colours and visual distortion
87
what are the dif types of hallucinogen?
lsd, pcp, marijuana
88
what are the dif types of stimulants?
benzedrine, dexedrine and meth
89
what is a flashback?
Vivid re-experiencings of a past event
90
what is PCP
Deliriant Drug (the worst one) causes dissociation
91
what is an inhalant?
Substances that produce chemical vapours that are inhaled for their psychoactive effect
92
what are the effects of inhalants?
feelings of intoxication and euphoria, impairments in learning and memory
93
what are the biological perspectives of using abusive drugs?
increase in neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin)
Reduced level of endorphins
94
what are the psychological treatment perspectives of using abusive drugs?
Operant Conditioning
Negative Reinforcement & Withdrawal
Observational Learning
95
what are the cognitive treatments for using abusive drugs?
Attitudes and beliefs
Outcome expectancies
Decision-making perspective
Self-efficacy expectancies
96
what are the psychodynamic perspectives of using abusive drugs?
substance abuse such as excessive drinking and habitual smoking as signs of an oral fixation
97
what are the sociocultural perspectives of using abusive drugs?
Cultural group, social factors and Peer pressure
98
what are the biological treatments for abusive drugs?
Detoxification
replacement therapy
maintenance programs
naloxone
99
What is a feeding and eating disorder?
Psychological disorder, disturbed eating patterns, Maladaptive ways of controlling body weight,
100
who is mainly affected by feeding and eating disorders?
80% of cases are women
101
What are the 3 major types of eating disorders?
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder
102
What is anorexia nervosa
affects young women characterized by abnormally low body weight and distortions of body image and fear of gaining weight
103
whos at risk for an eating disorder?
competitive athletes and young people
104
what subtype of anorexia is charcaterized by weightloss primarily through dieting?
restrictive
105
what is restrictive anorexia?
weight loss is accomplished primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise
106
What is binge eating a subcategory of?
anorexia
107
What is binge eating/purging?
self induced vomiting or misuse of laxative
108
What are the risks of anorexia nervosa?
medical complications of ostoporosis and amenorrhea
109
how is Osteoporosis related to anorexia?
physical disorder caused by calcium deficiency that is characterized by extreme brittleness of the bones
110
What is amenorrhea?
Absence of mestruation due to lack of eating (anorexia)
111
What are the psycical symptoms related to anorexia?
Dry skin
Fine hair
Heart irregularities, hypotension (low blood pressure), dizziness, blackouts
abdominal pain, and obstruction or paralysis of the bowels or intestines
112
what feeding disorder is characterized by behavioural changes such as skipping meals, lying about eating and talking poorly about the body?
Anorexia Nervosa
113
What are some behavioural changes a person with anorexia would do?
where loose, avoiding situations, extreme excercise
114
What is bulimia nervosa?
recurrent pattern of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain
115
who is most likely to have bulimia?
late teens
116
What are the different types of bulimia?
Purging and non purging?
117
what is purging bulimia?
Someone with this type will regularly induce vomiting after binge eating. They may also misuse diuretics, laxatives, or enemas.
118
What is non-purging bulima?
someone with this may fast or engage in extreme excercise to prevent weight gain after a binge
119
What feeding disorders are typically kept a secret?
both anorexia and bullimia?
120
How long does a bullimia episode last?
30-60 minutes
121
How do binge eaters feel emotionally?
Lack of control
122
How many calories do bullimia pateints consume?
5000 -10,000
123
What stops a bullimic episode?
binger will get tired, stomach hurts and induced vomiting
124
what is the differnece between bullimia and anorexia nervosa purging?
Anorexia aims to lose/prevent weight gain. Bulimia aims to purge food from the body following an episode of binge eating.
125
Whats the pathway to bullimia
1. they have disatisfaction with their weight
2. they start dieting
3. failure to keep up with the diet
4. binge eating episode
5. fear of weight gain
6. purging to compensate from what they ate
126
What disorder is characterized by decay of teeth ___ potassium deficiency and _____?
Pancreaitis, Bloody diarrhea
## Footnote
Bullimia nervosa
127
What is the phenotype of someone with bullimia?
fluctuating weight, chapped lips, bloodshot eyes, mouth sensitivity
128
What are the behavioural issues of someone with bulimia?
worrying about weight/appearance, bathroom immediatley after eating, excercising too much
129
what disorders are characterized by poor self esteem, mood changes, depression and anxiety?
bulimia and anorexia
130
What are the sociocultural factors of anorexia and bulimia?
culture and the media they are also very goal orrientated
131
what are the causes of anorexia and bulimia?
family factors, eating disorders, serotonin, dopamine and genetics
132
what is the treatment for eating disorders?
Hospitilization, behaviour and family therapy, CBT and interpersonal psychotherapy
133
What is BED?
Binge eating disorder, repeated episodes of binge eating
134
Who is affected by BED?
typically develops in 30-40yr olds
135
How do people who have BED feel emotionally?
Loss of control or shame
136
What is the phenotype of someone with BED?
Overweight or obese, depressed experiences weight related teasing
137
What are some infancy and early childhood eating disorders?
PICA, rumination, feeding, prader-willi syndrome, and cyclic vomiting syndrome
138
What is Pica?
Consuming non-consumable objects, mostly in children
139
when someone eats hair what is that called?
trichophagia?
140
What is rumination disorder?
repeatedly chewing up, spit it out and then eat again
141
What is cyclic vomiting syndrome?
severe vomiting with no apparent medical clause, all age groups and mostly starts in early to mid childhood
142
Whats prader willi syndrome?
genetic multisystem disorder for infants where the cant suck. for adults they will never feel full and eat constantly
143
Whats anorexia athletica?
Eating disorder associated with competitive athletics.
level of calorie doesn't match physical activity they create lean bodies
144
What is muscle dysmorphia (bigorexia)
Can be athletic related, excessive activity and eating to gain
attached to firm belief that a small person is weak and inadequate
145
What eating disorder is characterized by rituals of going to the gym and eating at the right times?
Muscle dysmorphia
146
Who often has muscle dismorphia?
males
147
What is Orthorexia Nervosa?
someone is only eating clean and pure to the point of lifestyle changes
148
What are some activities that ppl w Orthorexia nervosa?
time spent reading labels, avoid social eatings or will bring their own foods
149
whats night eating syndrome?
nocturnal eating pattern, usually in excess, skips outings due to lack of appetite during the day, becomes a behavioural pattern (can happen with sleep-walking)
150
Whats a sleep waking disorder?
recurring sleep warelated problems
151
What is the treatment for a sleep wake disorder
Polysomnographic (P S G) recording
- Measures responses during sleep
152
Whats insomina how many canadians does this affect?
Difficulties remaining & falling asleep, 3.3 mil canadians
153
What are the risk factors of insomnia?
High levels of life stress;
shift work;
heavy drinking or cannabis use;
obesity, anxiety and depression
being divorced, separated, or widowed;
being female; and lower levels of education and income
154
whats insomnia linked too
Sleep deprivation is linked to reduced immune system functioning
155
Whats hypersomnolence disorder?
Persistent pattern of excessive sleepiness during the day, 9-10hrs, daily functioning issues
156
Whats narcolepsy?
Characterized by sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep attacks, 15 minutes, men and women
157
Whats cataplexy?
brief, sudden loss of muscular control, lasting from a few seconds to as long as two minutes following a strong emotional reaction such as joy or anger
158
Whats Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
Sleeping is repeatedly disrupted due to difficulties breathing normally (younger men then women
159
Whats Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea?
Characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of breathing during sleep
160
What are the symptoms of breathing related sleep disorders?
Excessive daytime sleepiness,
Impaired intellectual and memory functioning
Depression
Accidents at work and on the road
161
Whats apnea?
temporary cessastion of breathing
162
whats a Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders?
disruption of sleep caused by a mismatch in sleep schedules between the body’s internal sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the environment
163
Whats parasomnia?
abnormal behaviour during sleep
164
Whats a nightmare disorder
Characterized by recurrent awakenings from sleep because of frightening nightmares
165
how does someone get nightmare disorder?
More frequent when the individual is under stress
166
Whats Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders?
by recurrent episodes of incomplete arousals during sleep that are accompanied by sleep terrors or sleepwalking
167
whats sleep terror?
Child may be sitting up, appear frightened, and show signs of extreme arousal
168
Whats sleepwalking?
Characterized by episodes in which the sleeper arises from bed and walks about while remaining fully asleep (happens during deep sleep)
169
Whats the biological treatment of sleep wake disorders?
psycho stimulants, anxiolytics, CPAP for sleep apnea
170
what disorder has qualities of significant personal distress and impaired functioning in the social or occupational realms?
Personality disorder
171
who is at risk of developing a personality disorder?
Children with childhood behaviour problems like aggression, depression, anxiety, and adhd
172
Can children be diagnosed with a personality disorder?
Personality disorders can only be diagnosed at 21+
173
Whats the reasoning behind personality disorders?
hard to say because ppl with personality disorder often dont seek help and can be loosely classified
174
Personality disorders are classified into 3 "Clusters" what are they?
Cluster A "weird" symptoms
Cluster B "Wild" Symptoms
Cluster C "Worried" Symptoms
175
what personality disorder is characterizes by being withdrawn,
Cold, Suspicious, and Irrational?
Cluster A "weird"
176
an individual is suspicious of the intentions and motives of others, they are low in trust high in suspicion, Always think people are lying. What personality disorder is this?
Paranoid personality disorder
177
How is the therapist client relationship with a person who has paranoid personality disorder?
They do not seek therapy. The therapist is distrustful.
178
Do individuals with paranoid personality disorders have friends?
Yes but only after theyve been evaluated heavily
179
What is a schizoid personality disorder?
detachment from social relationships and a
restricted range of emotional expression
180
How does a person with a schizoid personality disorder present themselves?
no expression of highs or lows, narrow or bland mood they present as cold secretive and uncaring
181
what personality disorder is described by lack of social skills, choice social isolation and aren't distressed by emotions
schizoid personality disorder
182
What personality disorder shows the least amount of emotion?
Schizoid personality disorder?
183
what is Schizotypal Personality disorder defined by?
Delusional thoughts and communication abnormalities and poor social skills
184
A person with ___ personality disorder often uses _____ and can have numerous ___ about other people.
1. Schizotypal 2. odd phrases 3. emotions
185
an individual believes they have magical powers to give curses or blessings. What personality disorder does this sound like
Schizotypal because they are linked to having superstitious thinking
186
______ personality disorder is more at risk for falling into a Schizophrenia disorder compared to the general
population.
schizotypal
187
what personality disorder changes their outlook on friends due to their beliefs
schizotypal personality disorder
188
What is delusional thinking?
person reads personal meaning into the behaviour of others
189
what is idea of reference?
they associate things to always relate back to them but typically in a maladaptive way
190
what cluster is characterized by dramatic emotions or erratic behaviour?
Cluster B
191
What is antisocial pd?
A pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others. carrying around tools to break into a car just in case
192
what is psychopathy?
Characterized by affective and interpersonal traits, such as shallow
emotions, superficial charm, lack of empathy and persistent violations of norms
193
Who uses people like pawns in terms of personality disorder?
psychopath
194
What is BPD?
Persuasive pattern of instability in relationships, self image and lack of control over impulses
195
how do ppl with BPD feel?
bored and empty to quickly having a strong relationship with someone.
Fear of abandonment
Feelings towards others are intense and shifting
196
_____ PD ppl strive for chaos
histronic
197
In interpersonal situations, a person w _______ like to the play ‘the star’ or the ‘the victim’.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
198
whats a common characteristic with cluster b?
Lack empathy and they dont have any forethought
199
what is cluster c?
Personality Disorders Characterized by Anxious or Fearful Behaviour
200
what is avoidant personality disorder characterized by
Avoidant PD people want
relationships and feel lonely in absence of
them. Their fear and low self esteem
create a condition where they avoid people.
201
What is dependant personality disorder
difficulties making independent decisions and by overly dependent behaviour, are always obedient because of the fear of losing someone
202
What is OCPD
Obsessive Compulsive PD is Characterized by rigid ways of relating to others, perfectionistic
tendencies, lack of spontaneity, and excessive attention to details
203
How do ppl with OCPD see their behaviour
behaviour is under control, others should be like them
204
what do ppl w a Psychodynamic Perspective think of personality disorder?
focuses on unresolved Oedipal conflicts in
explaining normal and abnormal personality development
205
what do ppl w a Psychodynamic Perspective think of narcissists and bpd?
focus on the development of the sense of self
206
what do ppl w a learning Perspective think of personality disorders?
they view personality disorders in terms of maladaptive
patterns of behaviour rather than personality traits
207
what do ppl w a family Perspective think of personality disorders?
disturbances in family relationships and Extreme fears of abandonment
underlie pd, history of physical or sexual
abuse or neglect in childhood
208
what do ppl w a family Perspective think of personality disorders?
people with personality disorders interpret their social experiences influence their behaviour
209
what do ppl w a Biological Perspective think of personality disorders?
due to genetics and predisposition
210
what do ppl w a sociocultural Perspective think of personality disorders?
Socioeconomic status (SES) risk factors
211
what would be the treatment method for a personality disorder be to a person who believes in the Psychodynamic Approach?
make them aware of their patterns and teach them ways to relate to others
212
what would be the treatment method for a personality disorder be to a person who believes in the Cognitive-Behavioural Approach?
replace maladaptive behaviour with adaptive behaviour
213
what would be the treatment method for a personality disorder be to a person who believes in the Biological Approach?
Meds buttttt * Drug therapy does not directly treat personality disorders
