A320 Limitations Flashcards by laurent Bacqueville

Maximum number of passenger seats

• A320: 180 • A321: 220

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Load Acceleration limits

• Clean configuration: -1 to +2.5 g • Slats/Flaps extended: 0 to +2 g

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Reference for computation of CG on A320/A321

CG is given in percentage of the reference chord length aft of the leading edge
Reference chord length is 4.193 m
Reference chord position is: A320, 16.31 m aft of aircraft nose A321, 20.58m aft of aircraft nose

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Minimum weight to operate the aircraft

• A320: 37 230 kg • A321: 47 500 kg

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Maximum weight for A320 CEO

Taxi 75 900 kg Take-off 75 500 kg Landing 64 500 kg Zero fuel weight 61 000 kg

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Maximum weight for B-HTD

Taxi………………………….89 400 kg Take-off……………………89 000 kg Landing …………………..75 500 kg Zero fuel weight………71 500 kg

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Maximum Runway slope and altitude

• Mean Slope: +/- 2% • Runway Altitude: 9200 ft

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Aircraft Ceiling

• Honeywell FMS: 39 800 ft • Legacy FM: 39 100 ft

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A320/A321 CEO

Maximum Crosswind for Take-off

38 kts, gust included

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A320/321 CEO

Maximum Crosswind for Landing

38 kts, gust included

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Maximum Tailwind for Take off and Manual Landing

• 15 kt • Flaps Full recommended for landing with Tailwind > 10 kts

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Maximum Wind for passenger door operation

65 kt

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Maximum Wind for cargo door operation

40 kt increased to 50 kt if aircraft nose is oriented into the wind or cargo door is on leeward side
Cargo door must be closed before wind exceeds 65 kt

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Takeoff is not recommended on the following runway conditions

• Wet ice • Snow on top of Ice • Water on top of Compacted Snow

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VMO/MMO

350 KT / M 0.82

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Maximum Design Manoeuvering Speed VA A320
(only relevant in Alternate or Direct Law)

250 kt below 10 000ft
Increase from 250 kt at 10 000ft to 295 kt at 30 000ft
M 0.78 above 30 000ft

In Alternate/Direct law, manoeuvres involving angle of attack near stall should be confined to speeds below VA

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Maximum Design Manoeuvering Speed VA A321

only relevant in Alternate or Direct Law

260 kt below 10 000ft
Increase from 260 kt at 10 000ft to 295 kt at 30 000ft
M 0.78 above 30 000ft

In Alternate/Direct law, manoeuvres involving angle of attack near stall should be confined to speeds below VA

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A320 CEO

Maximum Flaps/Slats Speeds

CONF 1:         230 kt
CONF 1+F:     215 kt
CONF 2:        200 kt
CONF 3:        185 kt
CONF Full:    177 kt

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A321 CEO

Maximum Flaps/Slats Speeds

CONF 1:         230 kt
CONF 1+F:     215 kt / 225kt HTJ and HTK
CONF 2:        215 kt
CONF 3:        195 kt
CONF Full:    190 kt

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Landing Gear, Speed Limitation

VLO Extension: 250 kt / M 0.60
VLO Retraction: 220 kt / M 0.54
VLE: 280 kt/ M 0.67

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Gear Altitude Limitation A320/A321

No limitation

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Maximum Tire Speed

Ground Speed 195 kt

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Maximum Speed for Winshield wiper

230 kt

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Maximum Speed with Cockpit Window open

200 kt

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Maximum Taxi Speed for A320/321

For weights above 76 000 kg (A320 Max Ramp 75 900 kg): Max Taxi Speed 20 kt during a turn

Maximum pressure for the Ram Air Inlet to open

1 PSI

Pressure limitation of a Ground Cart for External Air start

1.2 kg/s

Maximum Negative/Positive Differential pressure

-1 PSI / 9 PSI

Safety relief valve setting

-1 PSI / 8.6 PSI

Maximum Normal Cabin altitude

8000 ft

Maximum Cabin altitude Warning

9550 ft (+/-350ft)

Maximum OAT for unlimited use of avionics ventilation system in normal configuration

49 °C

Minimum height for autopilot on takeoff

• 100 ft AGL • FMGS logic prevents autopilot engagement for the first 5s after liftoff

Minimum height for autopilot on approach

• Straight-in non precision: MDA • Straight-in LNAV/VNAV: DA • Circling: MDA - 100 ft • ILS CAT2/3 not displayed: 160 ft AGL • All other phases: 500 ft AGL

Minimum height for autopilot on Go-around

100 ft AGL

FMGS RNP accuracy with GPS Primary

* NAV mode, AP ON : En route 1 NM / Terminal area 0.5 NM / Approach 0.3 NM * NAV mode, AP OFF and FD ON : En route 1 NM / Terminal area 0.51 NM / Approach 0.3 NM * AP OFF and FD OFF: En route 1,1 NM / Terminal area 0.51 NM / Approach Not authorized

Requirements before using NAV mode after take-off

GPS PRIMARY or FMGS take-off updating checked

FMGS RNP accuracy with GPS PRIMARY LOST

RNAV operations allowed provided - RNP value checked/entered in MCDU - HIGH ACCURACY displayed

Take-off from airports where the difference between local coordinate system and WGS 84 is not negligible

Airborne, incorrect NAV guidance may occur and GPS must be deselected until a safe altitude is reached.

Requirement on Navaid availability for NPA(VOR/NDB) flown NAV/FPA or Final APP mode

NPA may be performed in NAV or FINAL APP mode provided AP or FD is engaged and: - GPS PRIMARY • Navaid/Aircraft radio equipment can be inoperative (Needs approval from Authority) - GPS PRIMARY LOST • Accuracy is High (RNP value checked/entered) • Navaid serviceable tuned and monitored during the approach

Minimum altitude for FINAL APP mode guidance with GPS PRIMARY

MDH/DH (barometric) 250 ft

Requirements to use NAV mode in the terminal area

NAV mode authorised provided that: ‐ GPS PRIMARY, or ‐ GPS PRIMARY LOST with HIGH accuracy displayed (RNP checked/entered on MCDU), or ‐ FMS navigation crosschecked with NAVAID raw data

Autopilot limitations for single engine NPA on A321 and old A320 up to B-HSN

• AP not permited on laterally managed modes (FINAL APP, NAV V/S, NAV/FPA modes) • Approach must be flown: - Managed with AP OFF and FD ON, or - Selected (TRK/FPA) with AP ON

Minimum Decision Height ILS CAT 2

100 ft

Minimum Decision Height ILS CAT 3A

50 ft

Alert Height ILS CAT 3B

100 ft

Minimum Decision Height ILS CAT 3B with DH

* A320, 25ft * A321, 22ft

Minimum RVR ILS CAT 3B

75 m

Minimum height to disengage the Autopilot for a CAT 2 approach without autoland

80 ft AGL

AP/ATHR Requirements for CAT2 and CAT3 approach

• CAT 2: - 1 AP engaged in APPR mode - CAT 2 or higher capability displayed on FMA • CAT 3 FAIL PASSIVE: - A/THR in selected or managed speed - 1 AP engaged in APPR mode - CAT 3 SINGLE or higher capability displayed on FMA • CAT 3 FAIL OPERATIONAL: - A/THR in selected or managed speed - 2 AP engaged in APPR mode - CAT 3 DUAL displayed on FMA

Autoland and Autorollout Limitations with 1 Engine Out

• Autoland CAT I, CAT II and CAT IIIA autoland are approved: - A320 Conf FULL only - A321 Conf 3 and FULL • Autorollout - A320 no restrictions for use of reverser on remaining engine - A321 Rev Idle only, Crosswind component limited at 15kts

A320 CEO | Wind limit for CAT 2/3 or Autoland

30/20/10 kts

A321 CEO | Wind limit for CAT 2/3 and Autoland

30/20/10 kts

A321 CEO | Wind limit for CAT2 approach and manual landing

40/25/10 kts

Autoland limitations with both engines operating

* Approved in CONF 3 and FULL and demonstrated on: - CAT II/III ILS and Cat I GLS beam - Glide Slope angle -2.5° / -3.15° - Airport elevation at or below 2 500 ft - Dry and wet runway (Snow-covered or Icy runway, auto rollout not demonstrated) * Autoland not allowed below -1000ft pressure altitude

A321, Autorollout limitation with 1 engine inoperative or 1 thrust reverser inoperative

• Reverse IDLE only • No Reverse if crosswind is more than 15 kt

CAT 2/3 practice on CAT 1 weather conditions, requirements and procedure

* Autoland approval on port page * Visibility > 5km and ceiling > 1000ft * CAT 2 capability or more displayed on FMA * CAT II/III procedures used * CAT II/III minimas entered * Visual references obtained above CAT I minimums

Max Load per TR

200 A

Max Load per Generator

100% (90KVA)

Max altitude with Flaps/Slats extended

20 000ft

Max Fuel imbalance Outer Tanks

1 Full / 1 Empty, provided: - Fuel on 1 side (outer + inner) is equal to other side, or - On lighter outer side, inner tank is higher than opposite inner up to a max of 3000 kg

JET A1 Maximum Fuel Temperature

• 54°C • ECAM advisory T° > 45 °C for the inner cell T° > 55 °C for the outer cell

JET A1 Minimum Fuel Temperature

* - 43°C * ECAM advisory if T° < -40°C

Minimum Take-off Fuel Quantity

* 1 500 kg * L(R) WING TK LO LVL not displayed

Restrictions on Fuel when using JP4 or JET B On A320 at high altitude and high fuel temperature, the pressure delivered by the pumps in the center tank becomes lower than the pressure delivered by the pumps in the wing tank.

Center Tank Fuel is unusable if Wing Fuel T° (before start) and aircraft altitude exceeds following values before Center tank fuel is used: ‐ +30 °C / FL 350 ‐ +40 °C / FL 300 ‐ +49 °C / FL 250

Normal hydraulic operating pressure

3 000 ± 200 PSI

Maximum brake temperature for takeoff with brakes fan off

300 °C

Ways to disengage autobrake system

* Arm mode pushbutton * Brake pedals

Restrictions for taxi with 1 tire deflated per Gear (3 tires max)

* Max speed in turn 7 kts * Max Nose Wheel steering angle 30°

Restrictions for taxi with 2 tires deflated on same main Gear

* Max speed in turn 3 kts * Max Nose Wheel steering angle 30°

Nose Wheel Steering angle limit for towing and taxi

Towing and Pushback: 95° | Taxi: 75°

Restrictions for taxi with damaged tire

Taxi with damaged Tire is forbidden Gear must be inspected before taxi if tire damage is suspected

At what latitude is NAV mode prohibited

* North of 73 ° North | * South of 60 ° South

The EGPWS enhanced function should be inhibited when the aircraft position is less than 15 nm from the airfield

* Operations to/from runways not in the EGPWS database | * Approach procedures that have previously produced false terrain alerts

Restriction on use of ISIS

When both PFDs are lost, the ISIS bugs function must not be used

Where can you find the minimum flight crew oxygen pressure

FCOM LIM-35

Minimum Oxygen pressure, what does it cover

• Preflight checks • Oxygen use 1 pilot only in cockpit • Unusable quantity • System leakage • Loss of pressurisation (regulator NORMAL): - Emergency descent, 13' for all crewmembers - Cruise at FL 100, 107' for 2 pilots • Smoke in cockpit (regulator 100 %): - 15' for all crewmembers at 8 000 ft cabin altitude

APU LOW OIL LEVEL ECAM advisory displayed, can you use the APU

* APU may be started and operated | * Maintenance action required within next 10 h of APU operation

APU starter limit

3 cycles max followed by 1h cooldown

APU, Maximum N

* 107% | * Automatic shutdown at 107%

A320/321 CEO | APU maximum EGT

• Start: - 900 °C Below 25 000 ft - 982 °C Above 25 000 ft • APU running: - 682 °C, shutdown with 5 s confirmation time - 700 °C to 742 °C, shutdown immediately

APU Generator load

100 % (90 KVA)

A320/321 CEO and A321 NEO | APU bleed, maximum altitude for air conditionning and pressurization 2 Packs

15 000 ft

A320/321 CEO | APU bleed, maximum altitude for air conditionning and pressurization 1 Pack

20 000 ft

A320/321 CEO and A321 NEO | APU bleed, maximum altitude to assist Engine start

20 000 ft

A320 CEO | Engine EGT limits

• 610°C for MCT • 635°C for - Start - Take off and Go around 5' for 2 engines, 10' for 1 engine

A321 CEO | Engine EGT limits

* 610°C for MCT * 635°C for Start * 650°C for Take off and Go around during 5' for 2 engines, 10' for 1 engine

A320/321 CEO | Engine minimum oil temperature

* -40 °C for Start * -10 °C to exceed idle * 50 °C for Take-off

A320/321 CEO | Engine maximum oil temperature

* 155 °C: Continuous | * 165 °C: Transient for 15’ max

A320/321 CEO | Engines minimum oil pressure

60 PSI

A320/321 CEO | Engines minimum oil quantity

11qt + 0.3qt/h

N1 max

100%

N2 max

100%

A320/321 CEO | Engine starter Limitations

3 Starts or 1 Crank cycle followed by 30’ cooling • 1 Start cycle is: - 1 start attempt for automatic start - 2’ max of starter operation for manual start - Ground start: 15s pause required between cycles * 1 Crank cycle is limited to 5’ of starter operation * No running engagement of starter with - N2 above 10 % on ground - N2 above 18 % in flight

Reverse Thrust is forbidden when

- In flight | - On ground to back the aircraft

Restriction on use of Reduced Thrust Take-off

• Aircraft must comply with performance requirements using: - Planned takeoff weight - Thrust available at assumed temperature • Maximum thrust reduction of 25 % from full rated takeoff thrust: Max FLEX temperature is (A320: ISA+55/A321: ISA+42) • Assumed temperature not lower than the highest of: - Flat rating temperature (A320: ISA+30/A321: ISA+15) - Actual OAT • Takeoff at reduced thrust is not permitted on: - Contaminated runway - Inoperative item affecting performance unless aircraft can meet performance with engines operating at the thrust available for flex temperature

A320/321 CEO | Maximum Cross Wind Engine start

35 kt

Can you load a mix of Fuel types

Yes | Determine minimum fuel temperature from FCOM LIM-28

APU, maximum altitude to start the APU on battery (EMER ELEC CONFIG)

25 000ft

A320/321 NEO | Maximum Crosswind for Take-off

35 kts, Gust included: Engine limitation

A320/321 NEO | Maximum Crosswind for Landing

38 kts, Gust included : Maximum demonstrated Crosswind

A321 NEO | Wind limit for CAT 2/3 and Autoland

15/10/10 kts

A321 NEO | Maximum Flaps/Slats Speeds

* CONF 1: 243 kt * CONF 1+F: 225 kt * CONF 2: 215 kt * CONF 3: 195 kt * CONF Full: 186 kt

A321 NEO | Minimum /Maximum weight

* Taxi..............................89 400 kg * Take-off.......................89 000 kg * Landing ......................79 200 kg * Zero fuel weight......…75 600 kg * Minimum weight........46 600 kg

A321 NEO | APU maximum EGT

* Start: 1090 °C Below 35 000 ft / 1120 °C Above 35 000 ft * APU running: 675 °C

A321 NEO | APU bleed, maximum altitude for air conditionning and pressurization 1 Pack

22 500 ft

A321 NEO | Maximum Crosswind Engine start

45 kts

A321 NEO | Engine minimum oil temperature

* -40 °C for Start * 19 °C for Take-off

A321 NEO | Engine maximum oil temperature

* 140 °C: Continuous * 155 °C: Transient for 15’ max

A321 NEO | Engines minimum oil quantity

8.9qt + 0.45qt/h with a minimum of 10.6qt

A321 NEO | Engines minimum oil pressure

17.4 PSI

A321 NEO | Engines maximum oil pressure

• 130.5 PSI if Oil Temp > 50°C • 145 PSI if Oil Temp < 50°C

A321 NEO | Engine starter Limitations

3 Cycles followed by 15’ cooling with following restrictions: • 1 Cycle is a standard automatic start that includes up to 3 start attempts • For Ground start: 60s pause required between cycles • No running engagement of starter with N2 above 63 %

A321 NEO | N1 max in cruise manual thrust

• Max Climb N1 (displayed) -2.4% < 27 000ft • Max Climb N1 (displayed) -2.8% ≥ 27 000ft

A321 NEO | Engine EGT limits

* Start: 750°C on Ground / 875°C in Flight * MCT: 1025°C * Take off and Go around (5' for 2 engines, 10' for 1 engine): 1060°C

Minimum Speed for Reverser operation

* Max reverse not to be used below 70 kt * Reversers must be stowed before 25 kt on runways covered with snow • Idle reverse permitted down to aircraft stop

Maximum Flex Temperature

* A320 CEO ISA+55 * A321 CEO ISA+42 * A321 NEO ISA+52

Nominal Runway width

45 m

Minimum Runway width

30 m