A1: Alkenes Flashcards
What does a C=C bond consist of
A σ bond, which is a direct overlap of orbitals and a pi bond, which is a sideways overlap of p-orbitals. This means the rotation around the bond is restricted
Define stereoisomerism
Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
Conditions for E/Z isomerism
Needs a C=C bond, needs two different groups on each carbon in the double bond
conditions for cis-trans isomerism
Needs a C=C double bond and two different groups on each carbon, but one of the groups on each carbon need to be the same
Cis isomers
The same molecules are on the same side of the double bond
Trans isomers
The same molecules are diagonally opposite from each other
Which carbocations are most stable?
Tertiary > secondary > primary (stability increases as the charge is more spread out)
Markovnikoff’s rule
The H from H-X attaches tp the carbon with the more hydrogen ions and less carbon ions
Define electrophile
An electron pair acceptor
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog naming
Priority is based on atomic number, and if the atoms with higher priority are on the same size it is Z isomer.
When there is a hydrogen attached to each of the double bonded carbons in cis-trans isomerism, which is E and which is Z?
Cis=Z and Trans=E
