A1

Question 1

What are the three cranial meninges?

Answer 1

Pis, Arachnoid, and Dura maters

Question 2

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 2

Periosteal and Meningeal layers (outside to inside)

Question 3

Where is CSF found?

Answer 3

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

What does the Falx cerebri separate and where does it attach?

Answer 4

Separates the two hemispheres

Attaches to the frontal crest of frontal bone, crista galli of ethmoid bone and the internal occipital protuberance

Question 5

What does the tentorium cerebellum separate and where does it attach?

Answer 5

Occipital lobe and cerebellum

Cliniod process of sphenoid, petrous temporal, internal surface of occipital bone and parts of the parietal bone

Question 6

What is the Falx cerebellum attachments and separations?

Answer 6

Attaches to the internal occipital crest

Separates cerebellum hemispheres

Question 7

What is the diagrammatic Sellae attachment and separations?

Answer 7

Attaches to the clinoid process of the sphenoid bone

Separates the pituitary gland from the cerebrum

Question 8

What is the artery supply to the dura mater?

Answer 8

Middle meningeal artery from the maxillary external carotid

Question 9

Why is the middle meningeal artery at risk?

Answer 9

Crosses the thinnest part of the skull - pterion which is made up of fusion between temporal, frontal, parietal, and sphenoid bones

Question 10

Where does the middle meningeal vein leave the brain and where does it join.

Answer 10

Foreman spinosum

It goes off to drain in the pterygoid plexus

Question 11

What are the nerve innervations of the dura?

Answer 11

CNX, CNV and First cervical nerve

Question 12

What are the spinal meninges?

Answer 12

Pia, arachnoid and dura maters

Question 13

What is the denticulate ligament?

Answer 13

Suspends spinal cord in the dura sac by extending laterally and attaching to inner dural sac surface

Question 14

What is the lumbar cistern? What does it contain?

Answer 14

Enlargement of subarachnoid space between L2-S2 vertebrae

It contains the cauda equina and nerve root pairs from L2

Question 15

When does the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 15

L1 at the conus medullaris

Question 16

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 16

Extension of pia mater in the dural sac down to s2

Question 17

What are the parts of the ventricular system?

Answer 17

Lateral, third and fourth ventricles

Question 18

What is the course of the CSF?

Answer 18

Ependymal cells in lateral ventricle > inter-ventricular foramen to third ventricle > cerebral aqueduct to fourth ventricle > median and lateral apertures > subarachnoid space > reabsorbed by arachnoid villi

Question 19

What are the major cistern in the brain?

Answer 19

Cisterna ambiens (continuous with quadrigeminal cistern)

Quadrigeminal

Chiasmatic

Interpeduncular

Pontocerebellar

Question 20

What are the sinuses of the brain?

Answer 20

Superior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Straight sinus

Transverse sinus (splits into the superior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses)

Sigmoid gives rise to the inferior petrosal sinus

Cavernous sinus ( goes to anterior and posterior intercavernous)

Question 21

What transverses the cavernous sinus?

Answer 21

O TOM CAT

Oculomotor n

Trochlear n Abducens n Carotid (internal) v

Ophthalmic (cnv1)

Maxillary (cnv2)

Question 22

Where is the cavernous sinus found?

Answer 22

Either side of the pituitary gland and the body of the sphenoid

Question 23

What are the branches that supply the brain?

Answer 23

Internal carotid gives off the anterior and middle cerebral arteries after it enters the carotid canal

The vertebral arteries come off the subclavian artery and ascends through the 6th foramina transversarium and upwards

Question 24

What are the venous drainage of the brain?

Answer 24

Superior vein (into superior sagittal sinus)

Inferior and superior middle cerebral veins (drain into straight, transverse and superior petrosal sinus)

The superior and inferior cerebellum veins (into transverse and sigmoid sinus)

From there into cavernous sinus into the inferior