A&P Test 3 Flashcards
Name an inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
What’s the most common neurotransmitter? What are some others?
Achetylcholine (ACH), serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepenephrine
Give an example of a neuromuscular junction
Synoatrial node (heart muscle)
What is needed for muscle conduction?
ATP and Ca
What is the Rough ER in a neuron called?
Nissl bodies. They’re rough ER and free ribosomes. They make up the “grey matter.”
What are the neuroglia in the CNS?
Astrocytes, oligodendroytes, enpendymal cells and microglia
What are the neuroglia in the PNS?
Satellite cells and Schwann cells
All neurons that come from the spinal cord end up in …
ganglia.
Divide the nervous system into its parts
CNS: brain and spinal cord. PNS: all other nerves. PNS is then divided into autonomic (involuntary) and somatic (voluntary) divisions.
What’s the most abundant neuroglia in the CNS?
Astrocytes
Name the 5 classifications of neuron receptors
Mechanoreceptor (mechanical stimulus i.e., BAROreceptor in heart), thermoreceptor (sensitive to temp change), chemoreceptor (ACH, neurotransmittors or fragrance), electromagnetic (photoreceptor) – rods & cones in eyes– and nociceptor (pain receptor) extreme temps
How are nerve receptors classified by location (distribution)?
External (touch, pressure, temp) and Internal (stimuli from inside body – hunger and Propioceptor (found only in skeletal muscle, tendons and joints)
What are the 6 regions of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons & medulla oblongata
Name the functions of the cerebrum
Intellectual function, memory, regulation of skeletal muscle contractions (voluntary & Involuntary)
What is the diencephalon made up of?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
In the diencephalon, what does the thalamus do?
Processing centers for sensory information
In the diencephalon, what does the hypothalamus do?
Controls emotion, hormone production and autonomic functions
What does the mesencephalon control?
Visual & auditory data and consciousness. It includes the startle reflex (head turning, eye movement) in response to stimuli.
What does the pons control?
The pons connects the cerebellum to the brain stem (pons is Latin for “bridge”). It relays sensory info to cerebellum and thalamus. It contains muscles involved with somatic and visceral motor control.
What does the medulla oblongata regulate?
Controls major centers that regulate autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure and digestion. It regulates visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory & digestive system activities)
What does the cerebellum control?
Motor functions
In embryonic development, the prosencephaon becomes ….
the diencephalon and cerebellum
In embryonic development, the mesencephalon becomes
the mesecepphalon
In embryonic development, the rhombencephalon becomes
the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and pons
What connects the spinal cord to the brain?
Brain stem
What makes up the brain stem?
Mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata
Name an excitatory neurotransmitter and an inhibitory neurotransmitter
Excitatory: glutamate. Inhibitory: GABA
