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A&P1 > A&P Test 1 > Flashcards

A&P Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of proteins

A

repair, build, structural support, hemoglobin, blood clotting,

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2
Q

What are the nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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3
Q

Denaturation

A

When protein breaks down its function. Loses shape and function due to heat or pH.

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of cells?

A

Diploid (somatic) and aploid (sex) cells.

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5
Q

5 factors affecting diffusion

A

temperature, distance, electricity, molecule size, gradient size

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6
Q

Diffusion

A

Transport of elements from high concentration to low concentration

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of a solvent (as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane

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8
Q

Name the 4 macromolecules

A

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid

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9
Q

What does iron do in the blood?

A

Transport oxygen

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10
Q

What does iodine do in the blood?

A

Necessary for thyroid function

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11
Q

Octet Rule

A

Atoms want to get 8 electrons in their outermost shell

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12
Q

Inert (noble) gases

A

Elements that have 8 electrons in their outermost shell. Ne, Kr, Ar, Rd

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13
Q

Ionic bond & example

A

Elements that give up electrons (NaCl)

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14
Q

Non-polar Covalent Bond & example

A

Elements that share electrons (CH4/methane)

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15
Q

Polar Covalent Bond & example

A

Unequal sharing of electrons (H2O)

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16
Q

Hydrogen Bond & example

A

A weak bond formed only by polar covalent bonded compounds (water is the example)

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17
Q

ATP

A

chemical energy in cells

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18
Q

Integumentary Organs

A

Hair, nails, skin, sweat glands

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19
Q

Integumentary Functions

A

protect from environment, provide sensory info, help regulate body temp

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20
Q

Skeletal Organs

A

Bones, Cartilages, Associated Ligaments,Bone Marrow

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21
Q

Skeletal Functions

A

Provide support and protection for tissue, stores calcium, forms blood cells

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22
Q

Muscular Organs

A

Muscle, tendons

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23
Q

Muscular Functions

A

Provides movement, generates heat to maintain body temp, protects/supports tissues

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24
Q

Nervous System Organs

A

Nerves, brain, spinal column, sense organs

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25
Q

Nervous System Functions

A

Rapid response to stimuli, coordinates activities of other organ systems, interprets sensory info about external conditions

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26
Q

Endocrine System Organs

A

Pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, thyroid, gonads (ovaries and testes)

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27
Q

Endocrine System Functions

A

Provides longer-term changes in activities of other organ systems,adjust metabolic activity and energy use by the body, controls structural & functional changes in development

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28
Q

Cardiovascular System Organs

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels

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29
Q

Cardiovascular System Function

A

Distributes blood cells, water & dissolved materials, including nutrients, waste material, O2 and CO2. Distributes heat & assists in control of body temp.

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30
Q

Lymphatic System Organs

A

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils

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31
Q

Lymphatic System Functions

A

“Soldiers” - fight infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

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32
Q

Respiratory System Organs

A

nasal cavities, sinuses, trachea, larynx, lungs, alveoli, bronchi

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33
Q

Respiratory System Functions

A

Distribute oxygen to bloodstream, removes CO2 from bloodstream, delivers air to alveoli, produces sounds for communicatioon

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34
Q

Digestive System Organs

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, small & large intestines, pancreas, gallbladder

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35
Q

Digestive System Functions

A

Process and digest food, absorb & conserve water, stores energy reserves

36
Q

Urinary System Organs

A

Kidneys, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder

37
Q

Urinary System Functions

A

Eliminate waste products from blood, control water balance, store urine, regular blood ion concentrations and pH

38
Q

Male Reproductive Organs

A

Prostate, penis, testes, scrotum, epididymides, seminal vesicles, ductus deferentia

39
Q

Male Reproductive Functions

A

Produces male sex cells (sperm), hormones. Sexual intercourse

40
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

A

Mammary glands, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, vagina, labia, clitoris

41
Q

Female Reproductive Functions

A

Produce female sex cell (oocytes) & hormones, support developing embryo from conception to delivery, provides milk to nourish infant, sexual intercourse.

42
Q

Which is a non-membranous organelle: cilia, centrioles, lysosomes, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

A

lysosome

43
Q

Where in the cell is ATP produced?

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

What is the fluid within mitochondria called?

A

Matrix

45
Q

Where are components of ribosomes formed?

A

Nucleoli

46
Q

Where does synthesis of lipids take place in a cell?

A

Smooth ER

47
Q

Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of what?

A

Golgi apparatus

48
Q

Where is the cell’s DNA located?

A

Nucleus

49
Q

Communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs through_______

A

Nuclear pores

50
Q

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to ________

A

synthesize proteins.

51
Q

The type of epithelium found where absorption or secretion takes place is

A

simple cuboidal

52
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium can be found

A

lining the chambers of the thyroid gland, kidney tubules, pancreas, salivary glands

53
Q

Osseous tissue is better known as _______

A

bone.

54
Q

What is the fluid component of connective tissue?

A

Ground substance

55
Q

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissue is called

A

matrix

56
Q

The watery ground substance of blood is called

A

plasma

57
Q

Denaturation

A

When a protein breaks down its function and has loss of shape and function due to heat or pH.

58
Q

What are the bonds between amino acids?

A

Peptide bonds

59
Q

The substance dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

60
Q

What the solute is dissolved in

A

Solvent

61
Q

What is the salinity of blood?

A

.9%

62
Q

If you placed blood in a 2% NaCl solution, what would happen? What’s the solution called?

A

The cell would shrink (crenate). Hypertonic solution.

63
Q

If you placed blood in a .1% NaCl solution, what would happen? What’s the solution called?

A

The cell would burst. Hypotonic.

64
Q

In osmosis, what moves? The solvent or the solute?

A

Solvent

65
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers of connective tissue?

A

collagen, reticular, elastic.

66
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose

67
Q

What is an example of a disaccharide?

A

Sucrose

68
Q

What are 3 amino acids?

A

Lucine, lycene, tryptophan

69
Q

Give 2 examples of isotonic solutions

A

.9% NaCl, 5% glucose (dextrose)

70
Q

What are the 3 components of DNA?

A

sugar (deoxyribose), phosphoric acid and base (AT, CG)

71
Q

What are the 3 components of RNA?

A

sugar (ribose), phosphoric acid and a base (AU, CG)

72
Q

Cardiac muscle cells…..

A

are involuntary, striated, and connected to each other at intercalated discs

73
Q

Skeletal muscle cells….

A

are striated and voluntary

74
Q

Which of the following represents the correct order of structures from the outside in?

A

cutaneous membrane, superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia, serous membrane

75
Q

Which type of cartilage reduces friction between bony surfaces?

A

Hyaline

76
Q

Which type of membrane lines the sealed, internal subdivisions of the ventral body cavity?

A

serous membrane

77
Q

Which type of cartilage is best able to resist compression and absorb shock?

A

fibrous

78
Q

Cartilage cells, called chondrocytes, are located in spaces called __________.

A

Lacunae

79
Q

The extracellular fibers and ground substance constitute the __________ of a connective tissue, which surrounds the cells.

A

Matrix

80
Q

Homeostasis is restored in a damaged or infected tissue through the process of __________, which begins immediately after the injury, and regeneration, in which damaged tissues are repaired or replaced.

A

Inflammation

81
Q

Where do mucous membranes line cavities?

A

Mucous membranes line cavities that open to the exterior of the body

82
Q

What are the 2 striated tissues?

A

Cardiac and skeletal

83
Q

The esophagus has what kind of tissue?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

84
Q

The lining the trachea has what kind of tissue?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

85
Q

Which epithelial tissue is a single layer of flat cells that function in reducing friction or in absorption or diffusion?

A

simple squamous epithelium

86
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and contains large, multinucleated cells that can be up to 1 foot in length?

A

Skeletal

A&P1 (9 decks)

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