A&P Lab Test1

Question 1

What are the parts of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments (bone to bone) tendon (bone to muscle)

Question 2

How is the body divided in terms of the skeleton?

Answer 2

Axial and Appendicular skeletons

Question 3

How many bones are there in the human body?

Answer 3

206

Question 4

What is in the axial skeleton?

Answer 4

Bones of the skull, rib cage & vertical column

Question 5

What is in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 5

Bones of upper & lower limbs, & the girdles (shoulder and pelvic)

Question 6

What is the function of the bones in the axial skeleton?

Answer 6

Protection, support & carrying other body parts

Question 7

What is the function of the bones in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 7

Locomotion & manipulation of the environment

Question 8

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 8

Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation

Question 9

What are the 2 basic types of bone tissue?

Answer 9

compact & spongy

Question 10

Describe the differences between compact and spongy bone

Answer 10

Compact bone is homogenous; spongy bone is heterogenous, has small needle-like pieces of bone and has spaces in it

Question 11

Give an example of a long bone and a short bone

Answer 11

Long bone: humerus (arm) and femur (thigh)

Short bone: carpals of wrist

Question 12

Give an example of a flat bone and an irregular bone

Answer 12

Flat bone: parietal bone of skull

Irregular bone: vertebrae

Question 13

What are the 4 basic bone shapes?

Answer 13

Long, short, irregular and flat

Question 14

Describe long bones

Answer 14

Long bones:
Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone

Question 15

Describe short bones

Answer 15

Short bones
Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples: Carpals, tarsals

Question 16

Describe flat bones

Answer 16

Flat bones
Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum

Question 17

Describe irregular bones

Answer 17

Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip

Question 18

What 6 tissues are bones made of?

Answer 18

Fibrous connective tissue.
Cartilage.
Vascular tissue.
Lymphatic tissue.
Adipose tissue.
Nervous tissue

Question 19

What are the 3 types of cells in bones?

Answer 19

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 20

What is the ratio of organic & inorganic material in the bone matrix?

Answer 20

1/3 organic, 2/3 inorganic

Question 21

What are the 2 main salts of inorganic bone matrix?

Answer 21

Calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide. These 2 salts interact to form a compound called hydroxyapatite.

Question 22

What is ATP?

Answer 22

Chemical energy

Question 23

What opens the cell gate to let in glucose?

Answer 23

Insulin

Question 24

What does glucose do in the cell?

Answer 24

Used as a fuel for Cellular respiration

Question 25

Where is calcium mainly stored in the body?

Answer 25

Bones

Question 26

Give an example of when bone can lose calcium to the blood

Answer 26

menopause

Question 27

In additino to bone, calcium is also in the cells. Where in the cells is Ca located?

Answer 27

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 28

Define anatomy

Answer 28

Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structure of the body.

Question 29

Define physiology

Answer 29

Physiology is the study of the function of of how different body parts work.

Question 30

What is cell physiology?

Answer 30

Study of processes within and between cells

Question 31

What is special physiology?

Answer 31

Study of specific organs

Question 32

What is systemic physiology?

Answer 32

Study of organ systems

Question 33

What is pathological physiology?

Answer 33

Study of the effects of disease

Question 34

What do tendons connect?

Answer 34

Bone to muscle

Question 35

What do ligaments connect?

Answer 35

Bone to bone

Question 36

Cartilage is very soft, glassy _______

Answer 36

bone.

Question 37

What carries the bone marrow?

Answer 37

Medullary cavity

Question 38

Give an example of a flat bone

Answer 38

scapula

Question 39

What is the name of the arm bone?

Answer 39

humerus

Question 40

What color is the bone marrow when you're very young?

Answer 40

Red

Question 41

Wahat color is the bone marrow when you're older?

Answer 41

yellow

Question 42

What are the 7 bones of the ankle?

Answer 42

Tarsus

Question 43

Fibula is parallel and lateral to the _____

Answer 43

tibia

Question 44

Skeletons are the _______of our bodies

Answer 44

infrastructure

Question 45

In addition to calcium, what else is stored in the bones?

Answer 45

mineral salts, phosphorus and fats

Question 46

How do bones enable movement?

Answer 46

They serve as levers.

Question 47

What are joints supported by?

Answer 47

Ligaments

Question 48

What are the 3 names of the pelvic bone?

Answer 48

from top down: Ilium, pubic bone, and Ischium

Question 49

At the end of the spinal vertebrae, the other 2 bones are:

Answer 49

sacrum and coccyx

Question 50

The "shin bone" is called the ________

Answer 50

tibia

Question 51

When glucose burns, it produces______

Answer 51

ATP

Question 52

What are the cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes) called?

Answer 52

Lacunae

Question 53

What are the rings around the central canal (and sites of lacunae) called?

Answer 53

Lamellae

Question 54

What covers the external surface of the epiphyses?

Answer 54

Articular cartilage

Question 55

What covers the outside of the diaphysis?

Answer 55

Periosteum

Question 56

Organs of the urinary system

Answer 56

Kidneys, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder

Question 57

Organs of the lymphatic system

Answer 57

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus