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A&P1 > A&P Lab Test1 > Flashcards

A&P Lab Test1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the skeletal system?

A

Bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments (bone to bone) tendon (bone to muscle)

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2
Q

How is the body divided in terms of the skeleton?

A

Axial and Appendicular skeletons

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3
Q

How many bones are there in the human body?

A

206

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4
Q

What is in the axial skeleton?

A

Bones of the skull, rib cage & vertical column

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5
Q

What is in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones of upper & lower limbs, & the girdles (shoulder and pelvic)

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6
Q

What is the function of the bones in the axial skeleton?

A

Protection, support & carrying other body parts

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7
Q

What is the function of the bones in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Locomotion & manipulation of the environment

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8
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A 
Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
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9
Q

What are the 2 basic types of bone tissue?

A

compact & spongy

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10
Q

Describe the differences between compact and spongy bone

A

Compact bone is homogenous; spongy bone is heterogenous, has small needle-like pieces of bone and has spaces in it

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11
Q

Give an example of a long bone and a short bone

A

Long bone: humerus (arm) and femur (thigh)

Short bone: carpals of wrist

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12
Q

Give an example of a flat bone and an irregular bone

A

Flat bone: parietal bone of skull

Irregular bone: vertebrae

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13
Q

What are the 4 basic bone shapes?

A

Long, short, irregular and flat

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14
Q

Describe long bones

A

Long bones:
Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone

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15
Q

Describe short bones

A

Short bones
Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples: Carpals, tarsals

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16
Q

Describe flat bones

A 
Flat bones
Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
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17
Q

Describe irregular bones

A

Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip

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18
Q

What 6 tissues are bones made of?

A 
Fibrous connective tissue.
Cartilage.
Vascular tissue.
Lymphatic tissue.
Adipose tissue.
Nervous tissue
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19
Q

What are the 3 types of cells in bones?

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

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20
Q

What is the ratio of organic & inorganic material in the bone matrix?

A

1/3 organic, 2/3 inorganic

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21
Q

What are the 2 main salts of inorganic bone matrix?

A

Calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide. These 2 salts interact to form a compound called hydroxyapatite.

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22
Q

What is ATP?

A

Chemical energy

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23
Q

What opens the cell gate to let in glucose?

A

Insulin

24
Q

What does glucose do in the cell?

A

Used as a fuel for Cellular respiration

25
Q

Where is calcium mainly stored in the body?

A

Bones

26
Q

Give an example of when bone can lose calcium to the blood

A

menopause

27
Q

In additino to bone, calcium is also in the cells. Where in the cells is Ca located?

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

28
Q

Define anatomy

A

Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structure of the body.

29
Q

Define physiology

A

Physiology is the study of the function of of how different body parts work.

30
Q

What is cell physiology?

A

Study of processes within and between cells

31
Q

What is special physiology?

A

Study of specific organs

32
Q

What is systemic physiology?

A

Study of organ systems

33
Q

What is pathological physiology?

A

Study of the effects of disease

34
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Bone to muscle

35
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Bone to bone

36
Q

Cartilage is very soft, glassy _______

A

bone.

37
Q

What carries the bone marrow?

A

Medullary cavity

38
Q

Give an example of a flat bone

A

scapula

39
Q

What is the name of the arm bone?

A

humerus

40
Q

What color is the bone marrow when you’re very young?

A

Red

41
Q

Wahat color is the bone marrow when you’re older?

A

yellow

42
Q

What are the 7 bones of the ankle?

A

Tarsus

43
Q

Fibula is parallel and lateral to the _____

A

tibia

44
Q

Skeletons are the _______of our bodies

A

infrastructure

45
Q

In addition to calcium, what else is stored in the bones?

A

mineral salts, phosphorus and fats

46
Q

How do bones enable movement?

A

They serve as levers.

47
Q

What are joints supported by?

A

Ligaments

48
Q

What are the 3 names of the pelvic bone?

A

from top down: Ilium, pubic bone, and Ischium

49
Q

At the end of the spinal vertebrae, the other 2 bones are:

A

sacrum and coccyx

50
Q

The “shin bone” is called the ________

A

tibia

51
Q

When glucose burns, it produces______

A

ATP

52
Q

What are the cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes) called?

A

Lacunae

53
Q

What are the rings around the central canal (and sites of lacunae) called?

A

Lamellae

54
Q

What covers the external surface of the epiphyses?

A

Articular cartilage

55
Q

What covers the outside of the diaphysis?

A

Periosteum

56
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A

Kidneys, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder

57
Q

Organs of the lymphatic system

A

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus

A&P1 (9 decks)

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