A & P - RESPIRATORY Flashcards
How do vocal cords work
-posterior criccoartyneoid muscle: OPEN (abduction folds)
-lateral cricoarytenoid muscle: CLOSED (adduction folds, produce vibration; sound)
internal & external respiration
INTERNAL: O2 in bloodstream deposited into tissue throughout body
EXTERNAL: bringing O2 from external environment into alveoli of lungs to be deposited into bloodstream
what structures are in conducting zone/ respiratory zone
CONDUCTING ZONE (bringing air into lungs): nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
RESPIRATORY ZONE (main site of gas exchange): respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
lower & upper respiratory tract
UPPER: nasal cavity, pharynx
LOWER: larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary-segmental bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
what produces sound in vocal cords
air passing through closed vocal cords
Carina
-where bronchi divide
-highly sensitive area for cough reflex
when you breathe air into lungs, how much air actually reaches respiratory bronchioles
70%
CO2 carried in blood
bicarbonate (70% converted)
which layer of trachea has C-shaped rings
hyaline cartilage
respiratory zone includes:
-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar ducts
-alveolar sacs
-alveoli
what is Eupnea
normal, quiet breathing
which of these are part of alveolar walls
-type I, type II alveolar cells
-epithelial basement membrane
-capillary membrane & endothelium
-NOT MUCUS producing cells
pressure and volume (Boyles Law)
INVERSELEY proportional (related)
Surfactant
increases surface tension (type II alveolar cells secrete)
what decreases resistance
wider airway
Dalton’s Law is related to gases in a…
mixture of gases
= independent from one another
fluid in pleural membrane
decrease friction
-parietal & visceral layers
T/F - do terminal bronchioles lead into respiratory bronchioles
TRUE
Respiratory bronchioles vs/ Terminal bronchioles
-respiratory bronchioles: perform gas exchange
-terminal bronchioles: perform air conduction
factors the affect pulmonary ventilation
-surface tension of alveolar fluid
-compliance of lungs
-airway resistance
3 main types of cells in pulmonary lobule & their function
-Type I alveolar cells: main site of gas exchange
-Type II alveolar cells: surfactant, lower surface tension
-Alveolar macrophages: dust cells, remove dust / debris
what part of brain controls respiration
medulla oblongata & pontines
which muscles are involved in normal, quiet inhalation
external intercostals & diaphragm
which muscles are involved in forced / laboured inhalation
scalenes, pec minor, SCM
which muscles are involved in forced / laboured exhalation
abdominal, internal intercostal muscles
which muscles are involved in normal, quiet exhalation
diaphragm, external intercostals
% of oxygen that is carried in blood by hemoglobin
98.5%
cells that produce surfactant
type II alveolar cells
amount of air left in lungs
residual air
hemoglobin molecules bind to __ atoms of iron, allowing it to bind to __ molecules of oxygen
4, 4
person placed on supplemental oxygen at hospital, this is most directly an applicant of…
Henry’s Law (gasses & fluids)
Rule #1
high concentration to low concentration
which are not part of conducting zone
respiratory zone
how many lobes does each lung have
-LEFT: 2 lobes
-RIGHT: 3 lobes
lowest part of upper respiratory tract
pharynx
epiglottis during breathing & eating
-OPEN: during breathing
-CLOSED: during eating
what structures help form recognizable speach
-face
-neck
-mouth
-pharynx
-nasal cavity
which factors decrease airflow in respiratory system
increased parasympathetic activity
chemoreceptors detect level of…
O2, CO2, H+
where internal respiration takes place
body
where external respiration takes place
alveoli
