A & P - HEART

Question 1

Pericardium layers

Answer 1

-Fibrous
-Serous

Question 2

Heart muscle layer

Answer 2

myocardium

Question 3

Auricle function

Answer 3

increase capacity of atria

Question 4

Large veins that drain into right atria

Answer 4

-superior vena cava
-inferior vena cava
-coronary sinus

Question 5

Pectinate muscles are found where?

Answer 5

Atria - in wall of right atrium

Question 6

Trabeculae Carnea

Answer 6

muscles inside ventricles & convey electrical signals
(muscles that form ridges & convey electricity)

Question 7

What valves connect right atrium to right ventricle

Answer 7

Tricuspid valve

Question 8

Once blood has left the heart, what is the first branch off the aorta?

Answer 8

Coronary arteries

Question 9

Mechanisms for valves to open & close in the heart

Answer 9

Pressure changes

Question 10

2 Semilunar Valves

Answer 10

-Aortic
-Pulmonary

Question 11

2 Atrioventricular Valves

Answer 11

-Tricuspid
-Bicuspid (mitral)

Question 12

AV valves: how are they attached to wall of heart - what structure attaches them?

Answer 12

Chordae Tendineae

Question 13

Papillary muscles relaxed, chrodae tenineae are slack, valves…

Answer 13

OPEN

Question 14

Pulmonary Circulation: blood flowing from what chamber to what chamber?

Answer 14

right ventricle, into pulmonary trunk, into lungs

Question 15

Systemic Circulation: blood flow

Answer 15

left ventricle, through aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta to be distributed through body

Question 16

Branches of Coronary Arteries

Answer 16

-LEFT: anterior interventricular, circumflex
-RIGHT: posterior interventricular, marginal branch

Question 17

Which veins drain into the coronary sinus?

Answer 17

-middle cardiac vein
-greater cardiac vein
-anterior cardiac vein
-small cardiac vein

Question 18

Type of fibers for heart conduction system

Answer 18

Autorhythmic fibers

Question 19

Name of test that measures electrical activities

Answer 19

ECG - electrocardiogram

Question 20

Order of firing in conduction system

Answer 20

SA node, AV node, AV bundle of his, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Question 21

On ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?

Answer 21

contraction of ventricles - depolarization of ventricles (contraction) & atria repolarization (relax)

Question 22

P wave

Answer 22

depolarization of atria (contraction)

Question 23

What starts the action potential in the myocardium of the heart?

Answer 23

SA node (natural pacemaker)

Question 24

During depolarization, the action potentials stimulate what channels to open, and what rushes in?

Answer 24

Na+ - Sodium

Question 25

What muscle moves food & urine in our body?

Answer 25

Smooth muscle

Question 26

What is unique to cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 26

-desmosomes
-intercalated discs
-gap junctions

Question 27

Where does cardiac muscle tissue get energy / ATP from?

Answer 27

Aerobic respiration

Question 28

During ventricular systole, what are the ventricles & atria doing?

Answer 28

-ventricles = contracting
-atria = relaxing

Question 29

Which cranial nerve slows down heart rate?

Answer 29

Vagus nerve X

Question 30

Baroreceptors detect…

Answer 30

pressure & stretch - located in carotid artery

Question 31

Chemicals that help regulate heart rate

Answer 31

-Epinephrine
-Norepinephrine
-Na+, K+, thyroid…