Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > A + P Lesson 1 > Flashcards

A + P Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The study of the STRUCTURE AND SHAPE of the body and it’s parts, and their relationships to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Physiology

A

study of how the body and it’s parts work or FUNCTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The relationship between anatomy and physiology

A

Structure determines Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the six directional terms:

A
  1. superior/cranial/cephalad
  2. inferior/caudal
  3. ventral/anterior
  4. dorsal/posterior
  5. medial
  6. lateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

superior/cranial/cephalad definition:

A

above, towards the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inferior/caudal definition:

A

down, towards the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ventral/anterior definition:

A

in the front, or stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dorsal/posterior definition:

A

towards the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

medial definition:

A

the midline of the body, anything going in towards the middle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lateral definition:

A

anything going away from the median of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

intermediate definition:

A

in between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

proximal definition:

A

in towards the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

distal definition :

A

out towards your extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

superficial definition:

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

deep definition:

A

deeper organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the wrist is proximal to the _________

A

fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the wrist is distal to the ___________

A

elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

superficial usage

A

the skin is superficial in relation to the organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

deep usage

A

the organs are deep in relation to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the three planes are:

A
  1. sagittal
  2. frontal/ coronal
  3. transverse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sagittal section/plane definition:

A

a cut along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts. If the cut is down the median plane of the body and the right and left parts are equal in size, it is called a MEDIAN, or MIDSAGITTAL, SECTION. All other sagittal sections are parasagittal sections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Frontal/ coronal section/plane definition:

A

a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body (or and organ) into anterior and posterior parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Transverse section/plane definition:

A

a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

name the 3 body cavities :

2 main body cavities:

A
  1. Dorsal
  2. Ventral
  3. abdominopelvic
  4. dorsal
  5. ventral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dorsal Cavity definition:

A
  • cranial

- spinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ventral cavity definition:

A
  • thoracic
  • abdominal
  • pelvic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

abdominopelvic cavity definition:

A
  • hypochondriac
  • epigastric
  • lumbar
  • umbilical
  • Iliac
  • Hypogastric/Pubic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How the body works…..

A

homeostasis, functions, organization, and organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Essential Human needs :

A

water, nutrients, oxygen, appropriate temperature, appropriate pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Essential human functions:

A

Maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Homeostasis definition:

A

body’s ability to maintain RELATIVELY STABLE internal conditions (despite the changing outside world)
-“unchanging” vs DYNAMIC state of equilibrium

32
Q

homeostatic control:

A
  • RECEPTOR: afferent pathway -> “approaches”
  • CONTROL CENTRE
  • EFFECTOR- efferent pathway -> “exits”
  • negative and positive feedback mechanisms
33
Q

organization of the body (3)

A

ATOMS- building blocks of matter->MOLECULES- water, sugars, proteins…-> CELLS- smallest units of all living things

34
Q

Organizations of the body (3)

A

TISSUE- cells grouped together for a common function -> ORGAN- structure of 2+tissue types -> ORGAN SYSTEM - group of organs with a common purpose

35
Q

Name the 11 organ systems

A
  1. digestive system
  2. nervous system
  3. endocrine system
  4. respiratory system
  5. reproductive system
  6. cardiovascular system
  7. integumentary system
  8. muscular system
  9. lymphatic system
  10. urinary system
  11. skeletal system
36
Q

digestive system main organs:

A

liver, intestines, gall bladder, esophagus

37
Q

nervous system main organs:

A

brain, nerves, spinal cord

38
Q

endocrine system main organs:

A

thyroid(metabolism), pancreas(blood sugar), pituitary (“control”), adrenals(stress) pineal(circadian rhythm), ovaries/testes(reproductive), thymus( immune regulation), parathyroid (bone health)
*anything that excretes a hormone

39
Q

respiratory system main organs:

A

lungs

40
Q

cardiovascular system main organs:

A

heart, blood vessels

41
Q

integumentary system main organs:

A

skin

42
Q

muscular system main organs:

A

muscles, tendons

43
Q

lymphatic system main organs:

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph-nodes, spleen, tonsils

44
Q

urinary system main organs:

A

bladder, kidneys

45
Q

skeletal system main organs:

A

bones, cartilage (soft tissue between bones), ligaments (bone to bone), tendon ( muscle to bone)

46
Q

Microscopic anatomy, 3 main regions of a cell:

A
  1. nucleus (the centre and core of the cell)
  2. The cell membrane
  3. Cytoplasm (everything between the cell membrane that’s not the nucleus
47
Q

reproductive system main organs:

A

ovaries/testes, uterus

48
Q

ATOMS definition:

A

tiny building blocks of matter

49
Q

CELLS definition:

A

molecules, associate in specific ways to form microscopic CELLS, the smallest units of all living things.

50
Q

TISSUES definition:

A

consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

51
Q

ORGAN definition:

A

a structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

52
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM definition:

A

a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.

53
Q

ORGANISM definition:

A

the highest level of structural organization

54
Q

responsiveness/irritability definition:

A

the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.

55
Q

digestion definition:

A

the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood.

56
Q

metabolism definition:

A

a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.

57
Q

excretion definition:

A

the process of removing excreta or wastes from the body.

58
Q

reproduction definition:

A

the production of offspring, can occur on the cellular or organismal level.

59
Q

atmospheric pressure definition:

A

the force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air

60
Q

the forehead is ________ to the nose

A

superior

61
Q

the navel is __________ to the breastbone

A

inferior

62
Q

the breastbone is _____ to the spine

A

anterior

63
Q

the heart is ________ to the breastbone

A

posterior

64
Q

the heart is ______ to the arm

A

medial

65
Q

the arms are _______ to the chest

A

lateral

66
Q

the collarbone is _________ between the breastbone and the shoulder

A

intermediate

67
Q

the elbow is ________ to the wrist (meaning that the elbow is closer to the shoulder or attachment point of the arm than the wrist is)

A

proximal

68
Q

the knee is ________ to the thigh

A

distal

69
Q

the skin is _______ to the skeleton

A

superficial

70
Q

the lungs are ________ to the rib cage

A

deep

71
Q

smallest living unit

A

cell

72
Q

cells are made up primarily of 4 elements

A
  • carbon
  • oxygen
  • hydrogen
  • nitrogen
73
Q

dorsal body cavity subdivisions:

A

2 subdivisions, the cranial cavity (the space under the boney skull) an the spinal cavity (extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column)

74
Q

ventral body cavity subdivisions:

A

the thoracic cavity(separated the lungs into left and right, the heart, trachea and other visceral organs)
the abdominopelvic cavity (the stomach, liver, intestines and other organs)
the pelvic cavity (reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum)

75
Q

homeostatic imbalance:

A

as we age, our body organs become less efficient and our internal conditions become less and less stable

76
Q

aging is defined as:

A

the body’s inability to produce new cells at a faster rate than they are being destroyed

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions