13. Biochem

Question 1

active transport

Answer 1

needed when the perfect concentration is not currently there as you cant aways wait for the inevitability of diffusion. IE movement of potassium and sodium against their concentration gradient using the potassium sodium pump

Question 2

exocytosis

Answer 2

bringing something out of the cell

Question 3

endocytosis

Answer 3

when you bring something into the cells via vesicles, membranes will engulf molecule, takes into the cell and disintegrates it

Question 4

passive transport; filtration

Answer 4

occurs in the kidneys; from high pressure to low pressure

Question 5

passive transport; diffusion

Answer 5

movement of solutes; small molecules along concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to one of low

Question 6

passive transport

Answer 6

an inevitable process. Most common form is the passive movement of water; based on a concentration gradient.

Question 7

passive transport; osmosis

Answer 7

movement of water from an area of low concentration of solutes to an area of high solute concentration

Question 8

where glucose is broken down into ATP

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

humans have how many chromosome- bacteria have how many chromosomes

Answer 9

humans 46, bacteria 1

Question 10

binary fission. How often does it happen

Answer 10

cell division of a prokaryotic cell- first cell DNA is duplicated, 2 chromosomes migrate to either ends of the cell. Another cell membrane starts to form in the middle, the cells pinch off from each other and you are left with 2 identical cells . Every 20 minutes

Question 11

the difference between our 2 types of living cells

Answer 11

prokaryotic has no nucleus and eukaryotic does

Question 12

mutations arise when:

Answer 12

their is a spontaneous change in the DNA sequence

Question 13

first step of cell division is always

Answer 13

replication of the DNA

Question 14

what happens when we need to rely on protein to make ATP

Answer 14

start breaking down body structure. We will start to accumulate ammonia from amino acids which is excreted by our urine, but it will be toxic especially to nervous tissue. Urea will also potentially lead to uric acid and gout

Question 15

ketoacidosis

Answer 15

accumulation of acetic acid as a consequence of burning fat. In excess it will be converted into acetone which is toxic to our system especially our nervous system

Question 16

heavy metals are poisons because:

Answer 16

they inhibit our enzymes

Question 17

metabolic enzymes

Answer 17

used in the metabolic process.

Question 18

positive feedback control examples:

Answer 18

labour- uteran contractions stimulate more uterine contractions, clotting stimulates more clotting. We are actually getting an increased production of a substance

Question 19

3 types of enzyme

Answer 19

digestive, food, metabolic

Question 20

aerobic

Answer 20

requiring oxygen

Question 21

cellular respiration depends on having what? why? what is it?

Answer 21

oxygen as it is aerobic . it is when you turn glucose into ATP by way of the metabolic pathways

Question 22

negative feedback control

Answer 22

where the net response to a stimulus causes a decrease in the stimulus

Question 23

metabolism definition

Answer 23

chemical process and reactions involving energy

Question 24

the 3 bases of a mRNA are called a

Answer 24

codon

Question 25

the 3 bases in tRNS are called an

Answer 25

anti-codon

Question 26

tRNA

Answer 26

is a 3 base segment of RNA. It reads the information fomr the mRNA and releases the amino acid that signals for attaching it to the base sequence

Question 27

mRNA

Answer 27

a single strand that contains almost the same bases as DNA;( C+G; and uracil) it transcribes DNA in the nucleus and then travels to the cytoplasm, where it attaches itself to a ribsome

Question 28

chromosomes are

Answer 28

packages of DNA

Question 29

reproduction of a gamate cell is:

Answer 29

meiosis

Question 30

animal and human body cells divide via:

Answer 30

mitosis

Question 31

human gamate (sex) cells have how many chromosomes

Answer 31

23