A&P II Lab Endocrine Flashcards
The Pituitary gland is connected to where and what are the two regions of this gland
Connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
has high density of cuboidal cells
Releases hormones affecting other endocrine organs
Growth hormone
Affects bone and muscle tissue. Is high in children. Overproduction can lead to gi(g)antism, underproduction can lead to dwarfism.
Acromegaly
sudden growth in adulthood
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
Prolactin
Promotes/regulates lactation
Follicle stimulating hormone & Luteinizing hormone
Affect the gonads
Posterior pituitary (Neurohypophysis) consists of
neurons from the hypothalamus send their axons to this side of the pituitary gland
Posterior pituitary secretes two hormones known as
Oxytocin & Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin
Love hormone, helps to make you feel empathy, for humans is produced in mass after birth,what lets humans feel emotions. Affects the brain
Antidiuretic Hormone
causes you to retain water, suppresses urine production by traveling to the kidneys, makes us feel thirst when dehydrated
Thyroid Gland is located
on the anterior surface of the neck
When looking at the histology of the thyroid gland we can see structures called
thyroid follicles filled with thyroglobulin
What cells surround the thyroid follicles
Simple cuboidal cells and this wall is called the follicular cells
follicular cells secrete
hormones that regulate the overall metabolism in the body such as
○ triiodothyronine
○ tetraiodothyronine
Parafollicular cells or C cells deal with
calcitonin
Pancreas is located in
the abdomen on the inferior side of the stomach
The Pancreas is both an
exocrine and endocrine but mostly exocrine
Pancreatic islet are
the endocrine component of the pancreas, it appears to be a lighter color and it secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar/glucose
What are the three hormones the Pancreatic islet and what do they do
○ Glucagon - increases blood glucose levels
○ Insulin - decreases blood glucose levels
○ Somatostatin - prevents (inhibits) the release of pancreatic hormones
What does insulin do
causes body cells to take in glucose, thus removing glucose from the blood and lowering the blood glucose level.
Why is insulin important
vital to the homeostasis of blood glucose level because it is the only control mechanism that causes the blood glucose level to decrease.
Adrenal Gland is A pair of glands located on
the superior part of the kidneys
What are the two regions of the adrenal gland
Adrenal cortex(superficial)
Adrenal medulla(deep)
What does the Adrenal cortex(superficial) secrete
The zona glomerulosa secretes a family of hormones called mineralocorticoids(Ex Aldosterone)
The zona fasciculata secretes a family of glucocorticoids (Ex Cortisol)
The zona reticularis secretes androgens(Ex Dehydro-epiandrosterone)
What does the Adrenal medulla(deep) secrete
Source of epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine
