A&P Final2 Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of symptoms of Addison’s disease
A
Darkening areas of skin (hyperpigmentation)
Severe fatigue
Unintentional weight loss
Gastrointestinal problems, such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain
Dizziness or fainting
Salt cravings
Muscle or joint pains
2
Q
3 layers of meninges
A
Dura mater, pia mater, arachnid space
3
Q
Adaptation
A
Functional characteristics of receptors in which the magnitude of the receptor in which the magnitude of the receptor potential decreases over a period of time in response to a continuous stimulus
4
Q
Aqueous humor
A
Liquid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye.
5
Q
Dermatome
A
An area of the skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
6
Q
Astigmatism
A
Irregular curvature in the cornea or lense
7
Q
Auditory ossicles
A
The three bones in the ear, the Incus, Malleus, the Stapes
8
Q
Auricle or Pinna
A
The flap on the external ear
9
Q
ANS is part of what nervous system
A
PNS
10
Q
ANS is divided into two systems
A
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
11
Q
Basilar membrane
A
Name for the floor of the cochlear duct
12
Q
Carries impulses away from the cell body
A
Axon
13
Q
Carries axons towards the cell body
A
Dendrites
14
Q
Cataracts
A
Cloudy spots on the lense as we age
15
Q
The cell bodies of motor neurons and inter neurons are located in the
A
Gray matter
16
Q
The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the
A
Dorsal root gandlion
17
Q
CNS is made of what
A
Brain and the spinal cord
18
Q
Chemoreceptors
A
Classification of receptors due to stimulus . These ware activated due to the amount or change in the concentration of certain chemicals
19
Q
Choroid
A
Middle tunic to the eye and contains many blood vessels and well as pigment
20
Q
Ciliary body
A
Thickening of the choroid and it fits like a collar into the area margin of the retina and the posterior margin of the iris
21
Q
Ciliary muscle
A
Composed of smooth muscle and lies in the anterior part of the ciliary body.
22
Q
Circumvallate Papillae
A
Contains taste buds on the sides of the papillae . Largest and least numerous (7-12) forming a V at the back of the toungue
23
Q
He CNS consists of the
A
Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
24
Q
Cochlea
A
Means snail. Fluid filled structure on the inside of this ear.This structure converts the vibrations transmitted by the auditory ossicles into electrical impules sent along the cochlear nerve
25
Cochlear duct
Found inside the Cochlea and is the only part of the inner ear concerned with hearing. It divides the Cochlea into upper and lower sections.
26
Color blindness
Usually an inherited disorder in which individuals cannot distinguish between different colors.
27
Cones
Least numerous of the photoreceptors and are most densely concentrated in the Fovea Centralis. Involved in color perception
28
Contains the nucleus of a neuron
Cell body
29
Cornea
Anterior part of the sclera
30
Dorsal root may also be called
Sensory
31
Endolymph
The clear, potassium rich fluid that fills the Labrinith
32
Eustachian tube
Tube made of bone and cartilage. It is lined with mucosa and extends downward connecting the middle ear with the nasopharynx. It functions in equalizing the pressure between the middle ear and the external ear.
33
External auditory meatus
Canal travels inward, forewords, and then downward that connects the external ear with the middle ear
34
Extrinsic eye muscles
Classification of receptors due to location.these are located or very near the body surface. Typically they respond to stimuli external to the body
35
Filiform papillae
Does not contain taste buds. Gives feeling of texture.
36
Fovea centralis
Small depression in the center of the macula lutea
37
Free nerve endings
Type of general somatic sensory receptor that is classified by it structure. Simplest, most common and widely distributed sensory receptor found on the surface of the body and in deep visceral organs
38
Fungiform papillae
Contains taste buds on top of the papillae. Mushroom shaped and found all over the tongue with the highest concentration on the tip and the sides
39
General sense organs
Term for the microscopic receptors distributed through the body in the skin, mucosa, tissues, tendons joints,and viscera
40
Glaucoma
High pressure In the eye .
41
Gustatory
Taste
42
Hyperopia
Farsightedness. A condition due to the eye being shorter than normal so the image focuses behind the retina. Individual can focus far away, but not close.
43
in a reflex arc, the muscle or gland that responds to a motor impulse is called
effector
44
Incus
One of three bones of the middle ear. Also called the Anvil and is connected to the malleus and stapes
45
Information is transferred from one part of the body to another in two ways
Nerves, Hormones
46
in the CNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called
oligodendrocytes
47
in the PNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called
Schwann cell
48
in the PNS the neurolemma is formed by which part of the schawnn cells
Nuclei, cytoplasm
49
The name for the smooth involuntary muscles located within the eye.
Intrinsic eye muscle
50
Colored part of the eye consisting of smooth muscle fibers arranged to form a doughnut shaped structure.
Iris
51
Krause's End bulbs
Egg shaped encapsulated pressure sensors found in mostly in mucus membranes that respond to touch and low frequency vibration.
52
Labyrinth
Another name for the inner ear composed of the vestibule, cochlea and semicircular canal.
53
Consists of the structures that secrete tears and drain them from the surface of the eye
Lacrimal Apparatus
54
Can you stretch a muscle to where there is no overlap of thick an thin filaments
The muscle would not contract
55
After you exercise you make pyruvic and it converts to
Lactic acid, or the waste product of muscles
56
What's another term from myosin
Thick filament
57
Which part of the eye is avascular
The cornea
58
What's located at the spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball
He optic disk
59
What kind of fluid is found in the anterior chamber of the eye
The aqueous humor
60
Where is the vitreous humor found
Between the lense and the retina
61
What stimulates your sour taste receptors
Hydrogen ions of the acidic food.
62
The three layers of the neurons of the retinal which layer forms the optic nerve
H
63
The three layers of neurons
Ganglion cells,
64
Menieres syndrome
Cause vertigo, ear disease, can be fluid in the cochlea, usually seen with head traumas, alcohol abuse, smoke, family history
Signs and symptoms: decreased hearing m pressure in hears, ringing in the ears, and vertigo.
65
Conception deafness
Problem with conducting sound waves. Or causes by a bone defect un the ear, or nerve damage, swimmers ear.
66
What part of the eye is used for peripheral vision
Rods
67
What is more sensitive to night vision , rods or cones?
Cones
68
What are cones for
Color vision and sensitivity
69
What apart of the eye controls the amount of eye that comes in
The iris, which controls the pupil.
70
Where are the receptors for hearing located
In the cochlea
71
What is the function of the semicircular canals
Balance, motion
72
What are the categories for taste buds, and where are they located
sweet, sour, bitter, salty, savory
On the papillae, funfiform, Circum valley , fillaform, but not fillaform because it doesn't have taste buds.
But they are are also found in the buccal membranes
73
When does motion sickness occur
A misinterpretation between vision and vestibule
74
What is the blind spot
You can't see anything, and it is where the optic nerve enters and leaves. You have no photoreceptors.
75
Does the light have to pass through the fibrous, vascular, and the neuro
Yes they have to go through all three
76
What is the condition of the conjunctiva, and where is it reflected
It covers the sclera, covers the sclera and is reflected over the anterior chamber
Function is lubrication and protection
77
Where do find white matter
Outside the spinal, cord and the inner brain
78
Where do you find grey matter
Inner part of the brain except for the cerebral cortex
79
What is the function of the reticular formation
Alertness, patterns, and it ,maintains your muscle tone and posture. And is part of the
80
Afferent nerves
Carries to the CNS
81
Efferent
Carries away from CNS,
| motor, but motor only stimulates skeletal muscles
82
What is the function of the axons
Axons carry messages away from the soma
83
Dendrites
Carry to the soma
| Many dendrites one axon
84
What is the bodies most common neurotransmitter
The acetylcholine
85
What makes a neuron special
1. They don't split apart , they are amytotic
2. You are,born with a certain amount
3. They have a long lifespan
4. They require a lot of energy.
86
What does a neuron do
Conduct impulses or electricity.
87
The major functions of the medulla
He vitals, heart rate
88
Functions of the hypothalamus
Thirst, hunger, some emotional control, tempurature, is an endocrine function
89
Function of the thalamus
RELAY center.
90
Function of the cerebellum
Balance , center of move,net, coordination
91
Define somatic division
It controls everything we consciously think about
92
Peripheral nervous system
The PNS everything outside the brain and the spinal cord
93
The ANS
Controls stuff we don't think about
94
The two parts of the ANs
Parasympathetic - slows things down, or finish the race or digestion or resting.
Sympathetic- fight or flight
95
The function of lense
Allows you to focus on the light. Refracts light and allows lense to change focal points .
96
Whatis the main elements needed for conduction
K ,Na
97
What is the perimyosin
Surrounds the muscle fibers. Like that one question I didn't know
98
Sarcolemma
The membrane of the muscle fiber and
99
Endomyosin
Covers the sarcolemma and covers each muscle fiber
100
Epimysium
Surround the entire skeletal muscle
101
What is the other word for muscle fiber
Muscle cell
102
What is a miofilaments
The protein part of the muscle fiber, thick and thin ,
103
What is the sarcomere
The working unit if the muscle
104
Myofibrils
Made of myofibrils , contractile element
105
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic recticulum
Stores and pumps calcium ions
106
What are endorphins
Are a peptide that act lie morphine
107
Function of lyric system
Emotions, long term memory, some behavior ,
| Located o. Both sides of the thalamus
108
How many layers are found in the epidermis
5 InTwo (soles of the feet palms of hand)places an four in the rest
109
What layer of epidermis Is responsible for cell redevelopment and replacement
Stratum basal
110
Addison's disease
Affects endocrine and the edrinal glands( wich do not produce enough of the hormones) cause the skin to turn like a brauns itallic look
111
What glands secrete sweat
Eccrine glands
112
What is the make up of sweat
Water, salt, and some waste products
113
What. Are the sweat glands in the ears called
Calked Ceruminous what is their function , secrete earwax
114
Apocrine function
Make you stink
115
What are the mammary glands
Located in breasts and are responsible for the production of milk
116
What is the most common way to deteri e the type of burn degrees
Rule of nein, amount of burn damage and amount of fluid loss
117
What is the function of simple squamous epithelial tissue
Lines blood vessels, and allows it to move without trapping anything.
118
What is the function of collagen fibers in connective tissue
Tensile Strength ,
119
Function of muscle fibers
Produces movement
120
Reticular fibers function
Supportive
121
Elastic fibers
Allow stretch and recoil
122
What are the major components of epithelial tissue
Cells
123
Major components of connective tissue
Fibers,cells, ground substance,
124
How to know you have tissues damage
Inflammation,
125
The order in which light passes through the eye
Cornea, aqueous humor, lense vitreous humor , retina, nerve
126
Where is perilimo fluid found
Extra fluid found within the ear
127
Function of the vestibular cochlear cranial nerve
Balance, equilibrium , sound
