A&P Ch 7 Study Guide

Question 1

Axial skeleton definition and bones?

Answer 1

Head neck and trunk; cranium, vertebral column, rubs, sternum

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton definition and bone examples?

Answer 2

Pertaining to the limbs; upper and lower limbs and bones that anchor limbs to axial

Question 3

Identify two types of bone tissue and where they are located

Answer 3

Bone tissue (found within spongy and compact bones)

Cartilage (periosteum)

Question 4

Long bones?

Answer 4

Arm and leg bones

Question 5

Short bones?

Answer 5

Bones of wrist and ankles

Question 6

Sesamoid bone?

Answer 6

(Round) Patella

Question 7

Flat bones?

Answer 7

Ribs, scapula, skull bones

Question 8

Irregular bones?

Answer 8

Vertebrae and facial bones

Question 9

Function of diaphysis?

Answer 9

Shaft of the bone/ contains compact bone and medullary cavity to hold marrow

Question 10

Periosteum function?

Answer 10

Formation and repair of bone tissue

Question 11

Epiphysis function?

Answer 11

Form joints with other bones

Question 12

Sharpey’s Fibers functions?

Answer 12

Collagen fibers that attach tendons ligaments and and periosteum to bone

Question 13

Articulate cartilage function?

Answer 13

Smooth surface to connect joints

Question 14

Arteries functions?

Answer 14

Carry blood away from heart

Question 15

Epiphyseal plate function?

Answer 15

Band of hyaline cartilage that separates ossification centers

Question 16

Yellow marrow function?

Answer 16

Stores fat

Question 17

Red marrow function?

Answer 17

Makes blood cells

Question 18

Medullary cavity function?

Answer 18

Central cavity of bone where marrow is stored

Question 19

Endosteum function?

Answer 19

Lines inside of medullary cavity

Question 20

Difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Answer 20

Compact - tightly packed tissues; strong and dense

Spongy - bony plates and spaces; less compact

Question 21

Osteocytes

Answer 21

Bone cells

Question 22

Osteoblasts

Answer 22

Bone building cells

Question 23

Osteoclasts

Answer 23

Bone destroying cells

Question 24

Intramembranous vs Endochondral Bone Growth

Answer 24

Intramembranous - (flat bones of skull) sheet like layers of connective tissue > osteoblasts> spongy bone> periosteum > compact bone
Endochondral - (most bones in body) develop in fetus from hyaline cartilage > develops into periosteum > primary ossification center forms bone outward > secondary ossification center starts in epiphyses to form bone in all directions > epiphyseal plate separates ossification centers

Question 25

Factors that effect bone growth?

Answer 25

Nutrition, hormonal secretions, exercise, injuries

Question 26

How do bones grow at the epiphyseal plate? When is it done?

Answer 26

Primary ossification center - located in diaphysis
Secondary ossification center - located in epiphyses
Long bone continues to lengthen as cartilage cells of epiphyseal plate are active. The bone is done growing in length after the plate ossifies.iji

Question 27

Explain sequence of events when blood calcium levels rise or drop

Answer 27

When blood calcium is high, calcitonin is secreted by thyroid gland to store calcium in bones
When blood calcium is low, parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone so osteoclasts break down bone to release calcium

Question 28

Osteon

Answer 28

Osteocytes and Extracellular matrix clustered around a central canal

Question 29

Lamellae

Answer 29

Layers of compact bone surrounding central canal

Question 30

Haversian canal (central canal)

Answer 30

Contains the bones blood supply

Question 31

Canaliculi

Answer 31

Passageway for osteocytes’ nutrients

Question 32

Perforating canal (Volkmanns Canal)

Answer 32

Transmit blood vessels from periosteum into bone ; communicate with Haversian canals