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School > A&P Ch 7 > Flashcards

A&P Ch 7 Flashcards

0
Q

Each bone is made of

A

Several types of tissues (bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood and nervous tissue)

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1
Q

Bones are very…?

A

Active, living tissues

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2
Q

Bone functions include

A

Muscle attachment, protection and support of soft tissues, blood cell reproduction, storage of inorganic salts

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3
Q

Name the classifications of bones according to shape

A

Long, short, flat, irregular

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4
Q

Long bones

A

Arm and leg bones

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5
Q

Short bones

A

Bones of wrist and ankles

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6
Q

Sesamoid bones?

A

Round; patella

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7
Q

Flat bones

A

Ribs, scapula, skull

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8
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, facial bones

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9
Q

Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones

A

Epiphyses

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10
Q

Covers the epiphyses.

A

Articulate cartilage (hyaline cartilage)

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11
Q

Tough layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

Contains a hollow medullary cavity that is lined with endosteum and filled with marrow

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

What determines a bones function?

A

Shape

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14
Q

Bony processes indicate…?

A

Places of attachment for muscles, openings or grooves for blood vessels & nerves, and depression for articulation

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15
Q

Makes up the wall of diaphysis

A

Compact bone

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16
Q

Epiphyses are filled with…?

A

Spongy bone to reduce the weight of the skeleton

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17
Q

Spongy bone has many branching bony plates called?

A

Trabeculae

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18
Q

Bone cells are called?

A

Osteocytes

19
Q

Osteocytes are located in?

A

Lacunae that lie in concentric circles around central (haversian) canals

20
Q

Osteocytes pass nutrients and gases in the matrix via?

A

Canaliculi

21
Q

Extracellular matrix of bone consist mainly of ?

A

Collagen and inorganic salts

22
Q

Purpose of collagen?

A

Provides strength and resilience

23
Q

Purpose of organic salts?

A

Provide hardness and resistance to crushing

24
Q

In compact bone, osteocytes & Extracellular matrix layers are organized into?

A

Osteons (haversian systems) that are cemented together

25
Q

Central canals are interconnected by?

A

Transverse perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

26
Q

Spongy bone is made of?

A

Osteocytes and Extracellular matrix that live within trabeculae

27
Q

The vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone whose function is the formation and repair of bone tissues

A

Periosteum

28
Q

Bones form by…

A

Replacing connective tissues in the fetus

29
Q

Form within sheet-like layers of connective tissue

A

Intramembranous bones

30
Q

Replace masses of cartilage

A

Endochondral bones

31
Q

broad, flat bones of the skull form as…

A

intramembranous bones

32
Q

In intramembranous bones, spongy bone is formed by..

A

osteoblasts depositing a bony matrix around themselves in all directions

33
Q

In intramembranous bones, once the deposition bony matrix entirely surrounds osteoblasts, they are called…?

A

Osteocytes

34
Q

In intramembranous bones, cells of the membranous tissue that lie outside the developing bone create…?

A

Periosteum

35
Q

In intramembranous bones, osteoblasts on the inside of the periosteum form…?

A

A layer of compact bone over the spongy bone

36
Q

The formation of bone is called?

A

Ossification

37
Q

Most of the bones in the skeleton are…?

A

Endochondral

38
Q

Endochondral bones first develop as…?

A

Hyaline cartilage models shaped like the future bones and are then replaced with bone

39
Q

In endochondral bones, cartilage is broken down in the diaphysis and replaced with bone while the….

A

Periosteum develops on the outside

40
Q

In endochondral bones, disintegrating cartilage is invaded by…

A

blood vessels and osteoblasts

41
Q

In endochondral bones, blood vessels and osteoblasts first form spongy bone at…

A

the primary ossification center in the diaphysis

42
Q

In endochondral bones, osteoblasts from the periosteum lay down compact bone around…

A

The primary ossification center

43
Q

Secondary ossification centers appear later in the…

A

Epiphyses

44
Q

In endochondral bones, what is the name of the band of hyaline cartilage that remains between the two ossification centers

A

Epiphyseal plates

45
Q

What makes up the epiphyseal plate?

A

Layers of cartilage cells undergoing mitosis

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