A&P Ch 7 Flashcards
Each bone is made of
Several types of tissues (bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood and nervous tissue)
Bones are very…?
Active, living tissues
Bone functions include
Muscle attachment, protection and support of soft tissues, blood cell reproduction, storage of inorganic salts
Name the classifications of bones according to shape
Long, short, flat, irregular
Long bones
Arm and leg bones
Short bones
Bones of wrist and ankles
Sesamoid bones?
Round; patella
Flat bones
Ribs, scapula, skull
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, facial bones
Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones
Epiphyses
Covers the epiphyses.
Articulate cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
Tough layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons
Periosteum
Contains a hollow medullary cavity that is lined with endosteum and filled with marrow
Diaphysis
What determines a bones function?
Shape
Bony processes indicate…?
Places of attachment for muscles, openings or grooves for blood vessels & nerves, and depression for articulation
Makes up the wall of diaphysis
Compact bone
Epiphyses are filled with…?
Spongy bone to reduce the weight of the skeleton
Spongy bone has many branching bony plates called?
Trabeculae
Bone cells are called?
Osteocytes
Osteocytes are located in?
Lacunae that lie in concentric circles around central (haversian) canals
Osteocytes pass nutrients and gases in the matrix via?
Canaliculi
Extracellular matrix of bone consist mainly of ?
Collagen and inorganic salts
Purpose of collagen?
Provides strength and resilience
Purpose of organic salts?
Provide hardness and resistance to crushing
In compact bone, osteocytes & Extracellular matrix layers are organized into?
Osteons (haversian systems) that are cemented together
Central canals are interconnected by?
Transverse perforating (Volkmann’s) canals
Spongy bone is made of?
Osteocytes and Extracellular matrix that live within trabeculae
The vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone whose function is the formation and repair of bone tissues
Periosteum
Bones form by…
Replacing connective tissues in the fetus
Form within sheet-like layers of connective tissue
Intramembranous bones
Replace masses of cartilage
Endochondral bones
broad, flat bones of the skull form as…
intramembranous bones
In intramembranous bones, spongy bone is formed by..
osteoblasts depositing a bony matrix around themselves in all directions
In intramembranous bones, once the deposition bony matrix entirely surrounds osteoblasts, they are called…?
Osteocytes
In intramembranous bones, cells of the membranous tissue that lie outside the developing bone create…?
Periosteum
In intramembranous bones, osteoblasts on the inside of the periosteum form…?
A layer of compact bone over the spongy bone
The formation of bone is called?
Ossification
Most of the bones in the skeleton are…?
Endochondral
Endochondral bones first develop as…?
Hyaline cartilage models shaped like the future bones and are then replaced with bone
In endochondral bones, cartilage is broken down in the diaphysis and replaced with bone while the….
Periosteum develops on the outside
In endochondral bones, disintegrating cartilage is invaded by…
blood vessels and osteoblasts
In endochondral bones, blood vessels and osteoblasts first form spongy bone at…
the primary ossification center in the diaphysis
In endochondral bones, osteoblasts from the periosteum lay down compact bone around…
The primary ossification center
Secondary ossification centers appear later in the…
Epiphyses
In endochondral bones, what is the name of the band of hyaline cartilage that remains between the two ossification centers
Epiphyseal plates
What makes up the epiphyseal plate?
Layers of cartilage cells undergoing mitosis
