A&P Ch 7

Question 0

Each bone is made of

Answer 0

Several types of tissues (bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood and nervous tissue)

Question 1

Bones are very…?

Answer 1

Active, living tissues

Question 2

Bone functions include

Answer 2

Muscle attachment, protection and support of soft tissues, blood cell reproduction, storage of inorganic salts

Question 3

Name the classifications of bones according to shape

Answer 3

Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

Arm and leg bones

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

Bones of wrist and ankles

Question 6

Sesamoid bones?

Answer 6

Round; patella

Question 7

Flat bones

Answer 7

Ribs, scapula, skull

Question 8

Irregular bones

Answer 8

Vertebrae, facial bones

Question 9

Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones

Answer 9

Epiphyses

Question 10

Covers the epiphyses.

Answer 10

Articulate cartilage (hyaline cartilage)

Question 11

Tough layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

Answer 11

Periosteum

Question 12

Contains a hollow medullary cavity that is lined with endosteum and filled with marrow

Answer 12

Diaphysis

Question 13

What determines a bones function?

Answer 13

Shape

Question 14

Bony processes indicate…?

Answer 14

Places of attachment for muscles, openings or grooves for blood vessels & nerves, and depression for articulation

Question 15

Makes up the wall of diaphysis

Answer 15

Compact bone

Question 16

Epiphyses are filled with…?

Answer 16

Spongy bone to reduce the weight of the skeleton

Question 17

Spongy bone has many branching bony plates called?

Answer 17

Trabeculae

Question 18

Bone cells are called?

Answer 18

Osteocytes

Question 19

Osteocytes are located in?

Answer 19

Lacunae that lie in concentric circles around central (haversian) canals

Question 20

Osteocytes pass nutrients and gases in the matrix via?

Answer 20

Canaliculi

Question 21

Extracellular matrix of bone consist mainly of ?

Answer 21

Collagen and inorganic salts

Question 22

Purpose of collagen?

Answer 22

Provides strength and resilience

Question 23

Purpose of organic salts?

Answer 23

Provide hardness and resistance to crushing

Question 24

In compact bone, osteocytes & Extracellular matrix layers are organized into?

Answer 24

Osteons (haversian systems) that are cemented together

Question 25

Central canals are interconnected by?

Answer 25

Transverse perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

Question 26

Spongy bone is made of?

Answer 26

Osteocytes and Extracellular matrix that live within trabeculae

Question 27

The vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone whose function is the formation and repair of bone tissues

Answer 27

Periosteum

Question 28

Bones form by...

Answer 28

Replacing connective tissues in the fetus

Question 29

Form within sheet-like layers of connective tissue

Answer 29

Intramembranous bones

Question 30

Replace masses of cartilage

Answer 30

Endochondral bones

Question 31

broad, flat bones of the skull form as...

Answer 31

intramembranous bones

Question 32

In intramembranous bones, spongy bone is formed by..

Answer 32

osteoblasts depositing a bony matrix around themselves in all directions

Question 33

In intramembranous bones, once the deposition bony matrix entirely surrounds osteoblasts, they are called...?

Answer 33

Osteocytes

Question 34

In intramembranous bones, cells of the membranous tissue that lie outside the developing bone create...?

Answer 34

Periosteum

Question 35

In intramembranous bones, osteoblasts on the inside of the periosteum form...?

Answer 35

A layer of compact bone over the spongy bone

Question 36

The formation of bone is called?

Answer 36

Ossification

Question 37

Most of the bones in the skeleton are...?

Answer 37

Endochondral

Question 38

Endochondral bones first develop as...?

Answer 38

Hyaline cartilage models shaped like the future bones and are then replaced with bone

Question 39

In endochondral bones, cartilage is broken down in the diaphysis and replaced with bone while the....

Answer 39

Periosteum develops on the outside

Question 40

In endochondral bones, disintegrating cartilage is invaded by...

Answer 40

blood vessels and osteoblasts

Question 41

In endochondral bones, blood vessels and osteoblasts first form spongy bone at...

Answer 41

the primary ossification center in the diaphysis

Question 42

In endochondral bones, osteoblasts from the periosteum lay down compact bone around...

Answer 42

The primary ossification center

Question 43

Secondary ossification centers appear later in the...

Answer 43

Epiphyses

Question 44

In endochondral bones, what is the name of the band of hyaline cartilage that remains between the two ossification centers

Answer 44

Epiphyseal plates

Question 45

What makes up the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 45

Layers of cartilage cells undergoing mitosis