A&P Ch 7 Flashcards

0
Q

Each bone is made of

A

Several types of tissues (bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood and nervous tissue)

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1
Q

Bones are very…?

A

Active, living tissues

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2
Q

Bone functions include

A

Muscle attachment, protection and support of soft tissues, blood cell reproduction, storage of inorganic salts

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3
Q

Name the classifications of bones according to shape

A

Long, short, flat, irregular

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4
Q

Long bones

A

Arm and leg bones

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5
Q

Short bones

A

Bones of wrist and ankles

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6
Q

Sesamoid bones?

A

Round; patella

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7
Q

Flat bones

A

Ribs, scapula, skull

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8
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, facial bones

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9
Q

Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones

A

Epiphyses

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10
Q

Covers the epiphyses.

A

Articulate cartilage (hyaline cartilage)

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11
Q

Tough layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

Contains a hollow medullary cavity that is lined with endosteum and filled with marrow

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

What determines a bones function?

A

Shape

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14
Q

Bony processes indicate…?

A

Places of attachment for muscles, openings or grooves for blood vessels & nerves, and depression for articulation

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15
Q

Makes up the wall of diaphysis

A

Compact bone

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16
Q

Epiphyses are filled with…?

A

Spongy bone to reduce the weight of the skeleton

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17
Q

Spongy bone has many branching bony plates called?

A

Trabeculae

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18
Q

Bone cells are called?

A

Osteocytes

19
Q

Osteocytes are located in?

A

Lacunae that lie in concentric circles around central (haversian) canals

20
Q

Osteocytes pass nutrients and gases in the matrix via?

A

Canaliculi

21
Q

Extracellular matrix of bone consist mainly of ?

A

Collagen and inorganic salts

22
Q

Purpose of collagen?

A

Provides strength and resilience

23
Q

Purpose of organic salts?

A

Provide hardness and resistance to crushing

24
In compact bone, osteocytes & Extracellular matrix layers are organized into?
Osteons (haversian systems) that are cemented together
25
Central canals are interconnected by?
Transverse perforating (Volkmann’s) canals
26
Spongy bone is made of?
Osteocytes and Extracellular matrix that live within trabeculae
27
The vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone whose function is the formation and repair of bone tissues
Periosteum
28
Bones form by...
Replacing connective tissues in the fetus
29
Form within sheet-like layers of connective tissue
Intramembranous bones
30
Replace masses of cartilage
Endochondral bones
31
broad, flat bones of the skull form as...
intramembranous bones
32
In intramembranous bones, spongy bone is formed by..
osteoblasts depositing a bony matrix around themselves in all directions
33
In intramembranous bones, once the deposition bony matrix entirely surrounds osteoblasts, they are called...?
Osteocytes
34
In intramembranous bones, cells of the membranous tissue that lie outside the developing bone create...?
Periosteum
35
In intramembranous bones, osteoblasts on the inside of the periosteum form...?
A layer of compact bone over the spongy bone
36
The formation of bone is called?
Ossification
37
Most of the bones in the skeleton are...?
Endochondral
38
Endochondral bones first develop as...?
Hyaline cartilage models shaped like the future bones and are then replaced with bone
39
In endochondral bones, cartilage is broken down in the diaphysis and replaced with bone while the....
Periosteum develops on the outside
40
In endochondral bones, disintegrating cartilage is invaded by...
blood vessels and osteoblasts
41
In endochondral bones, blood vessels and osteoblasts first form spongy bone at...
the primary ossification center in the diaphysis
42
In endochondral bones, osteoblasts from the periosteum lay down compact bone around...
The primary ossification center
43
Secondary ossification centers appear later in the...
Epiphyses
44
In endochondral bones, what is the name of the band of hyaline cartilage that remains between the two ossification centers
Epiphyseal plates
45
What makes up the epiphyseal plate?
Layers of cartilage cells undergoing mitosis