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a&p ch 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Monomer of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides
Pentode sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base

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1
Q

Name the two nuclei acids

A

RNA & DNA

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2
Q

What nitrogen bases are DNA made of

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

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3
Q

What nitrogen bases are RNA made of

A

Adenine
Urasil
Cytosine
Guanine

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4
Q

Characteristics of DNA

A

Deoxyribose
2 Chains
In nucleus
Has thymine

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5
Q

Characteristics of RNA

A

Ribose
1 chain
Urasil
In nucleus and cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is an element? Example

A

Substance made of only one type of atom

Ex.: Hydrogen

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7
Q

Which elements make up 96% of our body?

A

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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8
Q

Name difference between molecule and compound

A

Molecule - 2 or more like atoms combined chemically

Compound - 2 or more atoms from different elements combined chemically

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9
Q

What is an atom?

A

Building blocks of elements

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10
Q

Names, locations, charges and masses for three subatomic particles

A

Proton - nucleus, positive, 1
Electron - electron cloud, negative, -1
Neutron - nucleus, neutral, 0

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11
Q

Atomic number equals?

A

of protons

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12
Q

Atomic weight equals?

A

Sum of protons and neutrons

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13
Q

of neutrons equals?

A

Atomic mass — atomic number

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14
Q

Octet rule

A

Every atom wants to have eight valence electrons in its outer shell

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15
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms of an element with different atomic weights

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16
Q

Radioisotope

A

Heavy isotope that is unstable and spontaneously decomposes to for, a more stable isotope

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17
Q

Why are isotopes important in medicine?

A

Can be used to detect or treat disease

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18
Q

Three types of radiation given off by radioisotopes?

A

Gamma, Beta, Alpha

19
Q

What’s an ion?

A

A charged atom or molecule

20
Q

Two types of ions?

A

Anions - negative

Cations - positive

21
Q

How are electrons distributed in covalent and ionic bonds?

A

Covalent - atoms share electrons

Ionic - electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

22
Q

Difference between polar and non polar covalent bonds?

A

Nonpolar - electrons shared equally between atoms; neutral

Polar - unequal sharing of electrons; has partial positive and negative sides

23
Q

What are hydrogen bonds? Importance?

A

Attraction between positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule and negative portion of another polar molecule

-provide attraction between molecules

24
3 types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis Reaction - A + B = AB Decomp Reaction - AB = A + B Exchange Reaction - AB = AC + B
25
Properties of water?
- high heat capacity - polarity/solvent properties - chemical reactivity - cushioning
26
Why are salts important for the body?
Provide necessary ions | Play important roles in metabolic processes
27
Range of pH scale?
0-14
28
What is pH a measure of?
Hydrogen ion concentration
29
What is the difference in H ion concentration between numbers on pH scale
Each one-unit change in the pH scale corresponds to a ten-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
30
What's an organic compound?
Contain carbon and hydrogen
31
Functions of carbohydrates
Provide energy for cellular activities and are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
32
Functions of lipids
Make up cell membranes and supply energy for cellular activities
33
Functions of proteins
- Provide construction materials for body tissues - plays vital role in cell function - acts as enzymes, hormones and antibodies
34
Functions of nucleic acids
Form genes and take part in protein synthesis
35
Monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
36
Monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
37
Monomers of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
38
Monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
39
Three types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, disaccharide and polysaccharide
40
Components of an amino acid?
Carboxyl group, amino group, and an R group
41
4 levels of protein structure?
Primary structure - sequence of amino acids Secondary structure - pleated or twisted into a coil Tertiary structure - more pleats and twists into a globular form Quarternary -two or more strands join into a larger molecule
42
Two examples of nucleic acids?
DNA - long term storage of information | RNA - functions in protein synthesis
43
Function of ATP? How does it work?
- provide energy for chemical reactions | - takes modified RNA with three phosphate groups
44
Function of enzymes?
Act as a biological catalyst to increase rate of chemical reactions
45
How are enzymes affected by environmental factors?
Enzymes are broken down above 100° C, and react slowly at 0° C. Optimum temperature for enzymes reactions is at room temp React better at a constant, warm temp

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