a&p ch 2 Flashcards
Monomer of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Pentode sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base
Name the two nuclei acids
RNA & DNA
What nitrogen bases are DNA made of
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What nitrogen bases are RNA made of
Adenine
Urasil
Cytosine
Guanine
Characteristics of DNA
Deoxyribose
2 Chains
In nucleus
Has thymine
Characteristics of RNA
Ribose
1 chain
Urasil
In nucleus and cytoplasm
What is an element? Example
Substance made of only one type of atom
Ex.: Hydrogen
Which elements make up 96% of our body?
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Name difference between molecule and compound
Molecule - 2 or more like atoms combined chemically
Compound - 2 or more atoms from different elements combined chemically
What is an atom?
Building blocks of elements
Names, locations, charges and masses for three subatomic particles
Proton - nucleus, positive, 1
Electron - electron cloud, negative, -1
Neutron - nucleus, neutral, 0
Atomic number equals?
of protons
Atomic weight equals?
Sum of protons and neutrons
of neutrons equals?
Atomic mass — atomic number
Octet rule
Every atom wants to have eight valence electrons in its outer shell
Isotope
Atoms of an element with different atomic weights
Radioisotope
Heavy isotope that is unstable and spontaneously decomposes to for, a more stable isotope
Why are isotopes important in medicine?
Can be used to detect or treat disease
Three types of radiation given off by radioisotopes?
Gamma, Beta, Alpha
What’s an ion?
A charged atom or molecule
Two types of ions?
Anions - negative
Cations - positive
How are electrons distributed in covalent and ionic bonds?
Covalent - atoms share electrons
Ionic - electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another
Difference between polar and non polar covalent bonds?
Nonpolar - electrons shared equally between atoms; neutral
Polar - unequal sharing of electrons; has partial positive and negative sides
What are hydrogen bonds? Importance?
Attraction between positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule and negative portion of another polar molecule
-provide attraction between molecules