Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 Lecture > A&P 1 Chapter 3 [Part1] (Lecture) [The Cell, Part 1] > Flashcards

A&P 1 Chapter 3 [Part1] (Lecture) [The Cell, Part 1] Flashcards

1
Q

*6 Types of Membrane Proteins

A

1) Anchoring 2) Recognition 3) Enzymes 4) Receptor 5) Carrier 6) Channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

*Anchoring Proteins

A

Attachment (adhesion) Membrane to cytoskeleton Membrane to glycocalyx Two cell membranes to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

*Recognition Proteins

A

Identification Allow immune system to identify self (friend) from nonself (foe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

*Enzymes

A

Integral or Peripheral Brush border -Lactase -Sucrase -Maltase -Peptidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

*Receptor Proteins

A

Communication Bind to specific substances/substrates Hormone receptors Neurotransmitter receptor (Ligand binds with receptor proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

*Carrier Proteins

A

Transport Amino Acid Carriers Glucose carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

*Channels

A

Allow/disallow passage of ions, other substances Na+ channels K+ channels Ca2+ Channels Aquaporins (water channels) [recently discovered]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of the Plasma Membrane

A

1) Physical isolation 2) Exchange regulation 3) Environmental sensitivity 4) Structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physical Isolation

A

“Barrier” between extracellular fluid and interstitial fluid Interstitial fluid is also known as the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exchange Regulation

A

Controls what enters and exits the cells Selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Environmental Sensitivity

A

Detects what chemicals are present in the ECF (Extracellular Fluid) Ex: Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Hormones, & Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Structural Support

A

Attached to structures on inside and outside of cell Inside: Cytoskeleton Outside: Glycocalex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

*Components of the Plasma Membrane

A

Phospholipid bi-layer (Phospholipids & Cholesterol) Proteins (Integral & Peripheral) Glycolic Substances (Glycoproteins & Glycolipids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

*Cholesterol

A

Stiffness and support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

*Diffusion

A

Movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (Down the concentration gradient) Faster: Distance is shorter, Molecule size is smaller, Temp is higher, & Gradient size is larger Simple Diffusion: Lipid soluble materials, NO transport proteins Facilitated Diffusion: Small, water-soluble protein; Transport protein needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

*Facilitated Diffusion

A

Channels -ions Carriers -Amino Acid -Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

*Osmosis

A

Movement of water (solvent) across a semi-permeable membrane. Water follows solute. Between phospholipids (Slower); Through aquaporins (faster)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Force of water moving through semi-permeable membrane. Hydrostatic pressure: force of fluid against the membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

*Osmolarity v. Tonicity

A

Osmolarity: Total amount of solute present in a solution. How much “stuff” is in the water. Tinicity: Effect of a solution on the movement of water. Where the “stuff” makes the water go.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

*Lysis

A

When a cell bursts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

*Crenation

A

When a cell shrivels

22
Q

*Isotonic

A

An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cytosol. There is no concentration gradient to drive osmosis, so there is no net movement of water into or out of a cell in an isotonic solution. (CELLS STAY THE SAME)

23
Q

*Hypotonic

A

A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cytosol. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will gain water by osmosis and may swell and burst. (CELLS SWELL)

24
Q

*Hypertonic

A

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cytosol. A cell in a hypertonic environment will lose water by osmosis and shrivel or CRENATE, because water will be drawn toward the more concentrated solution. (CELLS SHRINK)

25
Q

*Cytoskeleton

A

Network of fibers throughout cytoplasm.

Smallest to Largest:

  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate Filaments
  3. Microtubules
26
Q

*Microtubules

A
  • Thickest cytoskeletal layer
  • Hollow rods made of protein
  • Functions
    • Structural support
      • Anchor organelles
    • Organelle rail system
    • Organelle component
      • Centrioles
      • Cilia
      • Spindle apparatus
27
Q

*Centrosomes

A

Microtubule organizing system.

Home to centrioles

28
Q

*Centrioles

A
  • Composed of nine microtubule triplets
  • Function
    • Involved in formation of spindle apparatus
  • If cell lacks centrioles, it cannot replicate
29
Q

*Microfilaments

A
  • Thinnest cytoskeletal fiber
  • Solid rods made of two twisted strands of actin molecules
  • Functions
    • Mechanical strength
    • Cell Shape Change
      • Pseudophobia
    • Muscle cell contraction
      • Interact with thick (myosin) filaments
    • Connect
      • Plasma membrane to cytoskeleton
      • *Cell to cell
    • *Organelle component
      • Microvilli
      • Terminal Web
30
Q

*Microvilli

A
  • Short extensions of plasma membrane
  • Increase surface area for absorption
  • Stiffened and anchored by microfilaments to terminal web of skeleton
31
Q

*Terminal Web

A
  • Membrane skeleton
  • Layer of microfilaments beneath exposed surface of cells that form linings
    • Intestinal lining
    • Skin
  • Provides support
32
Q

*Intermediate Filaments

A
  • Medium-sized syroskeleton fiber
  • Tightly coiled filaments made of keratin-like proteins
  • Functions
    • Strength & shape
    • Stabilizes organelle position
    • Stabilizes cell position
33
Q

*Nonmembranous Organelles

A
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Microvilli
  • Centrioles
  • Cilia
  • Ribosomes
  • Proteasomes
34
Q

*Membranous Organelles

A
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Lysosomes
  • Peroxisomes
  • Mitchondria
  • Nucleus
35
Q

*Ribosomes

A
  • Two subunits
    • Large (S70)
    • Small (S30)
  • Each subunit
    • Ribosomal Protein
    • Ribosomal RNA
  • Function
    • Protein synthesis
36
Q

*Proteasomes

A
  • Barrell-shaped complexes
  • Found in cytoplasm and nucleus
  • Function
    • Breaks down unneeded proteins
37
Q

*Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A
  • Network of membranous tubules and sacs (cisternae)
  • Rough ER
    • Has ribosomes embedded
  • Smooth ER
    • No ribosomes
38
Q

*Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Functions:

  • Synthesis
    • Membrane lipids
      • Phospholipids
      • Cholesterol
    • Steroid hormones
  • Synthesis & Storage
    • Glycerides
      • Fat Cells
      • Liver Cells
    • Glycogen
      • Muscle Cells
      • Liver Cells
39
Q

*Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Functions:

  • Assists ribosomes in protein and glycoprotein synthesis
  • Proteins enter RER
    • Assume secondary and tertiary structure
    • Packaged for transport vessicles and sent to the golgi apparatus for further processing
40
Q

*Golgi Apparatus

A
  • Structure:
    • Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers.
  • Function:
  • Storage, alteration, and packaging of synthesized products
41
Q

*Lysosomes

A
  • Digestion and recycling of membranous vesicles and organelles
  • Digestion of materials
  • Autolysis (digests cell)
42
Q

*Peroxisomes

A
  • Vesicles containing several enzymes (including peroxidase)
  • Breaks down toxic substances and long fatty acid chains
  • Found in all cells
    • Especially in liver and kidney cells
43
Q

*Mitochondrion

A
  • Power house of the cell
  • Produces ATP through cellular respiration
  • Outer membrane
  • Intermembrane space
  • Inner membrane
    • cristae
  • Matrix
44
Q

*Cilia

A
  • Long, slender extensions of the cell membrane
  • Function
    • Move materials across surface of the cell
  • Composed of nine microtuble pairs surrounding a central pair (9+2)
  • Basal body
    • Anchor for the cilia beneath cell membranes
45
Q

*Passive Transport

A

No energy needed. Goes with the concentration gradient.

  • Simple Diffusion
  • Facilitated Diffusion (Carrier-mediated transport)
  • Osmosis
46
Q

*Active Transport

A

Energy needed. Goes against concentration gradient.

  • Primary Active (Carrier-mediated transport)
  • Secondary Active (Carrier-mediated transport)
  • Vesicular
47
Q

*Carrier-mediated transport

A

Uses a protein (carrier or channel)

  • Facilitated Diffusion
  • Primary Active Transport
  • Secondary Active Transport
48
Q

*Facilitated Diffusion

A

(Passive). Goes with concentration gradient

49
Q

*Primary Active Transport

A

Goes against the concentration gradient

50
Q

*Secondary Active Transport

A

One way is with the concentration gradient and the other way is against the concentration gradient.

51
Q

*Vesicular Transport

A

Vesicles (transport trucks) (Endocytosis & Exocytosis)

  • Endocytosis
    • Pinocytosis- drinking
    • Phagocytosis- eating
    • Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis- receptor proteins (ligands)

A&P 1 Lecture (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions