A&P 1 Chapter 1 (Lecture) [Introduction] Flashcards
*Properties of Life
1) Maintaining Boundaries
2) Metabolism
3) Responsiveness
4) Movement
5) Growth
6) Differentiation
7) Reproduction
8) Homeostasis
*Levels of Organization of Life (In Order)
1) Chemical (Simplest)
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4) Organ
5) Organ System
6) Organism
*Chemical (Level of Life)
Atoms: fundamental unit of matter. And Molecules: stable association of atoms.
*Cellular (Level of Life)
Cell is the fundamental unit of life (structural and functional units of an organism).
*Tissue (Level of Life)
Groups of cells that have a common function.
*Organ (Level of Life)
A discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function of the body; allows for extremely complex functions.
*Organ System (Level of Life)
Two or more organs that operate in a coordinated way with other organs and organ systems.
*Organism (Level of Life)
And individual body consisting of multiple organ systems.
*Anatomy
“A cutting open”; Scientific study of internal and external STRUCTURES of the body. Scientific study of the physical relationship among body parts.
*Physiology
The science of body FUNCTIONS and how the body works. The study of functions at the molecular and cellular levels. Study of specific functions of organ systems.
*Components of Homeostasis
1) Receptor
2) Control Center
3) Effector
*Homestasis
The state of dynamic equilibrium where change promotes stability.
*Receptor
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends INPUT in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center.
*Control Center
Sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates input it receives from receptors and generates output commands.
*Effector
Receives output from the control center and produces a RESPONSE or effect that changes the controlled condition.
*Positive Feedback
Enhance; Push away from the set point. (Blood Clotting & Labor During Childbirth)
*Negative Feedback
Reverse; Brings back to the set point. (Control of Body Temperature & Control of Blood Sugar Level)
*Maintaining Boundaries
Every living organism must maintain its boundaries so that its internal environment (inside) remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it (outside). [Cells have membranes, Whole Body has skin]
*Responsiveness
The ability to detect changes (stimuli) in the external or internal environment and respond to them.
*Adaptability
Changes in an organism’s behavior, structure, or capabilities.
*Reproduction
Production of new cells or the production of new individual.
*Growth
Increase in size & complexity.
*Differentiation
Change in a cell from an unspecialized one to a specialized state.
**Metabolism
All living things transform matter and energy to live. All chemical reactions that occur within body cells. (Products of one reaction is the reactants of the next)
*Movement
Includes the activities promoted by the muscular system. Motion of the whole body, individual organs, singles cells, & organelles within cells.
*Structure & Function
Structure dictates function.
