A&P 1 Chapter 1 (Lecture) [Introduction]

Question 1

*Properties of Life

Answer 1

1) Maintaining Boundaries
2) Metabolism
3) Responsiveness
4) Movement
5) Growth
6) Differentiation
7) Reproduction
8) Homeostasis

Question 2

*Levels of Organization of Life (In Order)

Answer 2

1) Chemical (Simplest)
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4) Organ
5) Organ System
6) Organism

Question 3

*Chemical (Level of Life)

Answer 3

Atoms: fundamental unit of matter. And Molecules: stable association of atoms.

Question 4

*Cellular (Level of Life)

Answer 4

Cell is the fundamental unit of life (structural and functional units of an organism).

Question 5

*Tissue (Level of Life)

Answer 5

Groups of cells that have a common function.

Question 6

*Organ (Level of Life)

Answer 6

A discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function of the body; allows for extremely complex functions.

Question 7

*Organ System (Level of Life)

Answer 7

Two or more organs that operate in a coordinated way with other organs and organ systems.

Question 8

*Organism (Level of Life)

Answer 8

And individual body consisting of multiple organ systems.

Question 9

*Anatomy

Answer 9

“A cutting open”; Scientific study of internal and external STRUCTURES of the body. Scientific study of the physical relationship among body parts.

Question 10

*Physiology

Answer 10

The science of body FUNCTIONS and how the body works. The study of functions at the molecular and cellular levels. Study of specific functions of organ systems.

Question 11

*Components of Homeostasis

Answer 11

1) Receptor
2) Control Center
3) Effector

Question 12

*Homestasis

Answer 12

The state of dynamic equilibrium where change promotes stability.

Question 13

*Receptor

Answer 13

Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends INPUT in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center.

Question 14

*Control Center

Answer 14

Sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates input it receives from receptors and generates output commands.

Question 15

*Effector

Answer 15

Receives output from the control center and produces a RESPONSE or effect that changes the controlled condition.

Question 16

*Positive Feedback

Answer 16

Enhance; Push away from the set point. (Blood Clotting & Labor During Childbirth)

Question 17

*Negative Feedback

Answer 17

Reverse; Brings back to the set point. (Control of Body Temperature & Control of Blood Sugar Level)

Question 18

*Maintaining Boundaries

Answer 18

Every living organism must maintain its boundaries so that its internal environment (inside) remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it (outside). [Cells have membranes, Whole Body has skin]

Question 19

*Responsiveness

Answer 19

The ability to detect changes (stimuli) in the external or internal environment and respond to them.

Question 20

*Adaptability

Answer 20

Changes in an organism’s behavior, structure, or capabilities.

Question 21

*Reproduction

Answer 21

Production of new cells or the production of new individual.

Question 22

*Growth

Answer 22

Increase in size & complexity.

Question 23

*Differentiation

Answer 23

Change in a cell from an unspecialized one to a specialized state.

Question 24

**Metabolism

Answer 24

All living things transform matter and energy to live. All chemical reactions that occur within body cells. (Products of one reaction is the reactants of the next)

Question 25

*Movement

Answer 25

Includes the activities promoted by the muscular system. Motion of the whole body, individual organs, singles cells, & organelles within cells.

Question 26

*Structure & Function

Answer 26

Structure dictates function.