A&P 1 Chapter 3 (Lecture) [The Cell, Part 5] Flashcards
1
Q
Forms of DNA
A
- Nucleosome
- Chromatin
- Chromosomes
2
Q
Protein to package DNA
A
Histone
3
Q
Central Dogma Steps
A
- Activate Gene
- Produce mRNA (transcription)
- Edit mRNA (RNA processing)
- Read mRNA and assemble protein (Translation)
4
Q
Gene Activation
A
- DNA uncoils and histones are removed
- Start sequence is exposed for RNA polymerase to attach (known as TATA box)
5
Q
Transcription
A
- RNA polymerase runs along the DNA sequence. Does the following:
- Separates DNA strands
- Sense strand (actual gene)
- Non- Sense Strand
- Reads non-sense strand to make a copy of the sense strand.
- Separates DNA strands
6
Q
RNA Processing
A
- Removal of Introns
- Unneeded base sequence
- Splicing of Exons
- Portion of mRNA coding for sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
7
Q
Translation
A
- mRNA leaves nucleus and binds to ribosomes at start codon
- tRNA delivers amino acids
- Anticodon = three RNA nucleotides complementary to mRNA codon
- Ribosomes form peptide bond between amino acid
- Continues process until it reaches a stop codon.
8
Q
Structures of the Nucleus
A
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nuclear Pores
- Nucleoplasm
- Nucleolus
9
Q
Nuclear Envelope
A
- Double Membrane
- Perinuclear Space (In between membranes)
- Nuclear Pores
10
Q
Nuclear Pores
A
Account for about 10% of the surface of the nucleus, are passageways that permit chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol. Proteins at the pores regulate the movement of ions and small molecules, and neither proteins nor DNA can freely cross the nuclear envelope.
11
Q
Nucleoplasm
A
- Fluid inside nucleus
- DNA
- RNA
- Nucleotides
- Enzymes
- Ions
12
Q
Nucleolus
A
Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly
13
Q
Nucleosome
A
DNA coiled around histones (proteins)
14
Q
Chromatin
A
Loosely coiled DNA, no protein
15
Q
Chromosomes
A
Tightly coiled DNA, no proteins
23
Q
A
Prophase
24
Q
A
Metaphase
25
Q
A
Anaphase
26
Q
A
Telophase
