A&P 1 Chapter 2 [Part 1] (Lecture) [Chemistry] Flashcards
*Parts of an Atom
1) Protons
2) Neutrons
3) Electrons
*Protons
Found in the nucleus. About 50% of an atom’s mass. Positively charged.
*Neutrons
Found in the nucleus. About 50% of an atom’s mass. Neutrally charged.
*Electrons
Found in electron fields around the nucleus. Don’t follow paths. About 1/1800th of an atom’s mass. Negatively charged. Responsible for ALL chemical reactions in the UNIVERSE. Energy Levels: 2e- in 1st; 8e- in 2nd; 8e- in 3rd
*Ionic Bond
A TRANSFER of electrons between atoms. (Anion: Negative Ion; Cation: Positive Ion)
*Covalent Bond
A SHARING of electrons between atoms. (Polar: Electrons ARE NOT equally shared amongst atoms. One end is more positively charged and the other end is more negatively charged; Non-Polar: Electrons ARE equally shared.)
*3 types of Chemical Reactions (4)
1) Decomposition Reaction
2) Synthesis Reaction
3) Exchange Reaction
4) Reversible Reaction
*Decomposition Reaction
Catabolism: Breaking down. Chemical bonds broken. Energy is released. Sometimes needs water. (EX: AB -> A + B)
*Synthesis Reaction
Anabolism: Building up. Chemical bonds created. Energy is input. Sometimes produces water. (EX: A + B -> AB)
*Exchange Reaction
Both anabolic and catabolic. The break down of the reactants provide energy needed to make products. (EX: AB + CD -> AC + BD)
*Reversible Reaction
Goes forward and backward. Catabolic in one direction. Anabolic in the other direction. (EX: AB + CD < - > AC + BD)
*Valence Electron
An electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond. The presence of valence electrons can determine the element’s chemical properties and whether it may bond with other elements.
*A + B -> AB
Synthesis Reaction
*AB -> A + B
Decomposition Reaction
*AB + CD -> AC + BD
Exchange Reaction
