A&P 1 Chapter 14 (Lecture) [The Autonomic Nervous System, Part 1]

Question 1

Two Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

• Symapthetic
• Parasympathetic

Question 2

Sympathetic NS

Answer 2

• Fight or Flight
  
  • Prepares body for increased activity

Question 3

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 3

• Rest and Digest
  
  • Dominant under resting conditions

Question 4

Effects of Sympathetic NS

Answer 4

Increases

• Metabolic Rate
• Alertness
• Respiratory Rate
• Heart Rate
• Blood Pressure
• Sweating
• Use of energy resources

Decreases

• Digestive system functions
• Urinary system functions

Question 5

Effects of Parasympathetic NS

Answer 5

Decreases

• Metabolic Rate
• Alertness
• Respiratory Rate
• Heart Rate
• Blood Pressure
• Sweating

Increases

• Digestive system functions
• Urinary system functions
• Storage of energy reserves

Question 6

Acetylcholine

Answer 6

Cholinergic Receptors (Found in both S & PS)

• Nicotinic Receptors (excitatory)
• Muscarinic Receptors (excitatiry or inhibitory)

Question 7

Norepinephrine

Answer 7

Adrenergic Receptor (Found in S)

• Alpha (1 & 2)
• Beta (1, 2, & 3)

Question 8

Alpha 1

Answer 8

Increases contraction of smooth muscle

(Excitatory)

Question 9

Alpha 2

Answer 9

Decreases contraction of smooth muscle

(Inhibitory)

Question 10

Beta 1

Answer 10

Stimulates Heart Rate

(Excitatory)

Question 11

Beta 2

Answer 11

Causes a dilation of airways.

(Inhibitory)

Question 12

Beta 3

Answer 12

Release of fatty acids from adipose tissue

(Excitatory)

Question 13

The Two Divisions of the Motor Nervous System

Answer 13

• Somatic NS
• Autonomic NS

Question 14

Somatic NS

Answer 14

Voluntary Motion (Skeletal Muscles)

Question 15

Autonomic NS

Answer 15

Involuntary Motion (Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle, & Glands)

Question 16

Sympathetic Arrangement

Answer 16

• Fibers originate in the thoracolumbar region
• Preganglionic axons short
• Ganglionic axons long
• Ganglia located close to spinal cord
• Preganglionic axons are myelinated & Ganglionic axons are not

Question 17

Parasympathetic Arrangement

Answer 17

• Fibers originate in the brain and sacral spinal nerves (Craniosacral)
• Preganglionic axons long
• Ganglionic axons short
• Ganglia located in visceral effector organ
• Preganglionic axons are myelinated & Ganglionic axons are not

Question 18

The region of the brain that regulates the ANS

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

Cerebral Cortex (ANS Interaction)

Answer 19

Communication at subconscious level

Question 20

Limbic System (ANS Interaction)

Answer 20

Emotions, memory, & behavior

Question 21

Thalamus (ANS Interaction)

Answer 21

Relay of sensory info

Question 22

Hypothalamus (ANS Interaction)

Answer 22

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic headquarters

Question 23

Pons (ANS Interaction)

Answer 23

Higher levels of respiratory control

Question 24

Medulla Oblongata (ANS Interaction)

Answer 24

Processing centers for complex visceral reflexes (S & P)

Includes:

• Cardiac Centers
• Vasomotor Centers
• Swallowing Center
• Coughing Center
• Respiratory Centers

Question 25

Spinal Cord T1-L2 (ANS Interaction)

Answer 25

Neurons controlling sympathetic visceral reflexes

Question 26

Sacral Spinal Cord S2-S4 (ANS Interaction)

Answer 26

Neurons controlling parasympathetic visceral reflexes (such as defecation and urination)